157 lines
5.5 KiB
Markdown
157 lines
5.5 KiB
Markdown
# Manage VPN Users
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*Read this in other languages: [English](manage-users.md), [简体中文](manage-users-zh.md).*
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By default, a single user account for VPN login is created. If you wish to view or manage users for the IPsec/L2TP and IPsec/XAuth ("Cisco IPsec") modes, read this document. For IKEv2, see [Manage client certificates](ikev2-howto.md#manage-client-certificates).
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* [View or update the IPsec PSK](#view-or-update-the-ipsec-psk)
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* [View VPN users](#view-vpn-users)
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* [Manage VPN users using helper scripts](#manage-vpn-users-using-helper-scripts)
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* [Manually manage VPN users](#manually-manage-vpn-users)
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## View or update the IPsec PSK
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The IPsec PSK (pre-shared key) is stored in `/etc/ipsec.secrets`. All VPN users will share the same IPsec PSK. The format of this file is:
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```bash
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%any %any : PSK "your_ipsec_pre_shared_key"
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```
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To change to a new PSK, just edit this file. DO NOT use these special characters within values: `\ " '`
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You must restart services when finished:
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```bash
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service ipsec restart
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service xl2tpd restart
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```
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## View VPN users
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By default, the VPN setup scripts will create the same VPN user for both IPsec/L2TP and IPsec/XAuth ("Cisco IPsec") modes.
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For IPsec/L2TP, VPN users are specified in `/etc/ppp/chap-secrets`. The format of this file is:
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```bash
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"username1" l2tpd "password1" *
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"username2" l2tpd "password2" *
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... ...
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```
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For IPsec/XAuth ("Cisco IPsec"), VPN users are specified in `/etc/ipsec.d/passwd`. Passwords in this file are salted and hashed. See [Manually manage VPN users](#manually-manage-vpn-users) for more details.
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## Manage VPN users using helper scripts
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You may use these scripts to more easily manage VPN users: [add_vpn_user.sh](../extras/add_vpn_user.sh), [del_vpn_user.sh](../extras/del_vpn_user.sh) and [update_vpn_users.sh](../extras/update_vpn_users.sh). They will update users for both IPsec/L2TP and IPsec/XAuth ("Cisco IPsec"). Replace command parameters below with your own values. For IKEv2, see [Manage client certificates](ikev2-howto.md#manage-client-certificates).
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**Note:** VPN users are stored in `/etc/ppp/chap-secrets` and `/etc/ipsec.d/passwd`. The scripts will backup these files before making changes, with `.old-date-time` suffix.
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### Add or edit a VPN user
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Add a new VPN user, or update an existing VPN user with a new password.
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```bash
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# Download the script
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wget -qO add_vpn_user.sh https://bit.ly/addvpnuser
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# Run the script and follow the prompts
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sudo bash add_vpn_user.sh
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```
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Alternatively, you can run the script with arguments:
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```bash
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# All values MUST be placed inside 'single quotes'
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# DO NOT use these special characters within values: \ " '
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sudo bash add_vpn_user.sh 'username_to_add' 'password'
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# OR
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sudo bash add_vpn_user.sh 'username_to_update' 'new_password'
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```
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### Delete a VPN user
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Delete the specified VPN user.
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```bash
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# Download the script
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wget -qO del_vpn_user.sh https://bit.ly/delvpnuser
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# Run the script and follow the prompts
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sudo bash del_vpn_user.sh
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```
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Alternatively, you can run the script with arguments:
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```bash
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# All values MUST be placed inside 'single quotes'
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# DO NOT use these special characters within values: \ " '
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sudo bash del_vpn_user.sh 'username_to_delete'
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```
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### Update all VPN users
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Remove all existing VPN users and replace with the list of users you specify.
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```bash
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# Download the script
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wget -qO update_vpn_users.sh https://bit.ly/updatevpnusers
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```
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To use this script, choose one of the following options:
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**Important:** This script will remove **ALL** existing VPN users and replace them with the list of users you specify. Therefore, you must include any existing user(s) you want to keep in the variables below.
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**Option 1:** Edit the script and enter VPN user details:
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```bash
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nano -w update_vpn_users.sh
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[Replace with your own values: YOUR_USERNAMES and YOUR_PASSWORDS]
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sudo bash update_vpn_users.sh
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```
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**Option 2:** Define VPN user details as environment variables:
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```bash
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# List of VPN usernames and passwords, separated by spaces
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# All values MUST be placed inside 'single quotes'
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# DO NOT use these special characters within values: \ " '
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sudo \
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VPN_USERS='username1 username2 ...' \
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VPN_PASSWORDS='password1 password2 ...' \
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bash update_vpn_users.sh
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```
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## Manually manage VPN users
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For IPsec/L2TP, VPN users are specified in `/etc/ppp/chap-secrets`. The format of this file is:
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```bash
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"username1" l2tpd "password1" *
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"username2" l2tpd "password2" *
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... ...
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```
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You can add more users, use one line for each user. DO NOT use these special characters within values: `\ " '`
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For IPsec/XAuth ("Cisco IPsec"), VPN users are specified in `/etc/ipsec.d/passwd`. The format of this file is:
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```bash
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username1:password1hashed:xauth-psk
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username2:password2hashed:xauth-psk
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... ...
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```
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Passwords in this file are salted and hashed. This step can be done using e.g. the `openssl` utility:
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```bash
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# The output will be password1hashed
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# Put your password inside 'single quotes'
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openssl passwd -1 'password1'
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```
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## License
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Copyright (C) 2016-2022 [Lin Song](https://github.com/hwdsl2) [](https://www.linkedin.com/in/linsongui)
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[](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/)
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This work is licensed under the [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/)
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Attribution required: please include my name in any derivative and let me know how you have improved it!
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