# Manage VPN Users
*Read this in other languages: [English](manage-users.md), [中文](manage-users-zh.md).*
By default, a single user account for VPN login is created. If you wish to view or manage users for the IPsec/L2TP and IPsec/XAuth ("Cisco IPsec") modes, read this document. For IKEv2, see [Manage client certificates](ikev2-howto.md#manage-client-certificates).
* [Manage VPN users using helper scripts](#manage-vpn-users-using-helper-scripts)
* [View VPN users](#view-vpn-users)
* [View or update the IPsec PSK](#view-or-update-the-ipsec-psk)
* [Manually manage VPN users](#manually-manage-vpn-users)
## Manage VPN users using helper scripts
*Read this in other languages: [English](manage-users.md#manage-vpn-users-using-helper-scripts), [中文](manage-users-zh.md#使用辅助脚本管理-vpn-用户).*
You may use helper scripts to add, delete or update VPN users for both IPsec/L2TP and IPsec/XAuth ("Cisco IPsec") modes. For IKEv2 mode, see [Manage client certificates](ikev2-howto.md#manage-client-certificates).
**Note:** Replace command arguments below with your own values. VPN users are stored in `/etc/ppp/chap-secrets` and `/etc/ipsec.d/passwd`. The scripts will backup these files before making changes, with `.old-date-time` suffix.
### Add or edit a VPN user
Add a new VPN user, or update an existing VPN user with a new password.
Run the [helper script](../extras/add_vpn_user.sh) and follow the prompts:
```bash
sudo addvpnuser.sh
```
Error: "sudo: addvpnuser.sh: command not found".
This is normal if you used an older version of the VPN setup script. First, download the helper script:
```bash
wget https://get.vpnsetup.net/adduser -O /opt/src/addvpnuser.sh
chmod +x /opt/src/addvpnuser.sh && ln -s /opt/src/addvpnuser.sh /usr/bin
```
Then run the script using the instructions.
Alternatively, you can run the script with arguments:
```bash
# All values MUST be placed inside 'single quotes'
# DO NOT use these special characters within values: \ " '
sudo addvpnuser.sh 'username_to_add' 'password'
# OR
sudo addvpnuser.sh 'username_to_update' 'new_password'
```
### Delete a VPN user
Delete the specified VPN user.
Run the [helper script](../extras/del_vpn_user.sh) and follow the prompts:
```bash
sudo delvpnuser.sh
```
Error: "sudo: delvpnuser.sh: command not found".
This is normal if you used an older version of the VPN setup script. First, download the helper script:
```bash
wget https://get.vpnsetup.net/deluser -O /opt/src/delvpnuser.sh
chmod +x /opt/src/delvpnuser.sh && ln -s /opt/src/delvpnuser.sh /usr/bin
```
Then run the script using the instructions.
Alternatively, you can run the script with arguments:
```bash
# All values MUST be placed inside 'single quotes'
# DO NOT use these special characters within values: \ " '
sudo delvpnuser.sh 'username_to_delete'
```
### Update all VPN users
Remove **all existing VPN users** and replace with the list of users you specify.
First, download the [helper script](../extras/update_vpn_users.sh):
```bash
wget https://get.vpnsetup.net/updateusers -O updatevpnusers.sh
```
**Important:** This script will remove **all existing VPN users** and replace with the list of users you specify. Therefore, you must include any existing user(s) you want to keep in the variables below.
To use this script, choose one of the following options:
**Option 1:** Edit the script and enter VPN user details:
```bash
nano -w updatevpnusers.sh
[Replace with your own values: YOUR_USERNAMES and YOUR_PASSWORDS]
sudo bash updatevpnusers.sh
```
**Option 2:** Define VPN user details as environment variables:
```bash
# List of VPN usernames and passwords, separated by spaces
# All values MUST be placed inside 'single quotes'
# DO NOT use these special characters within values: \ " '
sudo \
VPN_USERS='username1 username2 ...' \
VPN_PASSWORDS='password1 password2 ...' \
bash updatevpnusers.sh
```
## View VPN users
By default, the VPN setup scripts will create the same VPN user for both IPsec/L2TP and IPsec/XAuth ("Cisco IPsec") modes.
For IPsec/L2TP, VPN users are specified in `/etc/ppp/chap-secrets`. The format of this file is:
```bash
"username1" l2tpd "password1" *
"username2" l2tpd "password2" *
... ...
```
For IPsec/XAuth ("Cisco IPsec"), VPN users are specified in `/etc/ipsec.d/passwd`. Passwords in this file are salted and hashed. See [Manually manage VPN users](#manually-manage-vpn-users) for more details.
## View or update the IPsec PSK
The IPsec PSK (pre-shared key) is stored in `/etc/ipsec.secrets`. All VPN users will share the same IPsec PSK. The format of this file is:
```bash
%any %any : PSK "your_ipsec_pre_shared_key"
```
To change to a new PSK, just edit this file. DO NOT use these special characters within values: `\ " '`
You must restart services when finished:
```bash
service ipsec restart
service xl2tpd restart
```
## Manually manage VPN users
For IPsec/L2TP, VPN users are specified in `/etc/ppp/chap-secrets`. The format of this file is:
```bash
"username1" l2tpd "password1" *
"username2" l2tpd "password2" *
... ...
```
You can add more users, use one line for each user. DO NOT use these special characters within values: `\ " '`
For IPsec/XAuth ("Cisco IPsec"), VPN users are specified in `/etc/ipsec.d/passwd`. The format of this file is:
```bash
username1:password1hashed:xauth-psk
username2:password2hashed:xauth-psk
... ...
```
Passwords in this file are salted and hashed. This step can be done using e.g. the `openssl` utility:
```bash
# The output will be password1hashed
# Put your password inside 'single quotes'
openssl passwd -1 'password1'
```
## License
Copyright (C) 2016-2022 [Lin Song](https://github.com/hwdsl2) [](https://www.linkedin.com/in/linsongui)
[](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/)
This work is licensed under the [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/)
Attribution required: please include my name in any derivative and let me know how you have improved it!