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# 配置 IPsec/XAuth VPN 客户端
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**注：** 你也可以使用 [IKEv2](ikev2-howto-zh.md)（推荐）或者 [IPsec/L2TP](clients-zh.md) 模式连接。
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在成功 [搭建自己的 VPN 服务器](../README-zh.md) 之后，按照下面的步骤来配置你的设备。IPsec/XAuth ("Cisco IPsec") 在 Android, iOS 和 OS X 上均受支持，无需安装额外的软件。Windows 用户可以使用免费的 [Shrew Soft 客户端](https://www.shrew.net/download/vpn)。如果无法连接,请首先检查是否输入了正确的 VPN 登录凭证。
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IPsec/XAuth 模式也称为 "Cisco IPsec"。该模式通常能够比 IPsec/L2TP **更高效**地传输数据（较低的额外开销）。
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# Configure IPsec/XAuth VPN Clients
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**Note:** You may also connect using [IKEv2](ikev2-howto.md) (recommended) or [IPsec/L2TP](clients.md) mode.
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After [setting up your own VPN server](https://github.com/hwdsl2/setup-ipsec-vpn), follow these steps to configure your devices. IPsec/XAuth ("Cisco IPsec") is natively supported by Android, iOS and OS X. There is no additional software to install. Windows users can use the free [Shrew Soft client](https://www.shrew.net/download/vpn). In case you are unable to connect, first check to make sure the VPN credentials were entered correctly.
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IPsec/XAuth mode is also called "Cisco IPsec". This mode is generally **faster than** IPsec/L2TP with less overhead.
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# 配置 IPsec/L2TP VPN 客户端
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**注：** 你也可以使用 [IKEv2](ikev2-howto-zh.md)（推荐）或者 [IPsec/XAuth](clients-xauth-zh.md) 模式连接。
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在成功 [搭建自己的 VPN 服务器](../README-zh.md) 之后，按照下面的步骤来配置你的设备。IPsec/L2TP 在 Android, iOS, OS X 和 Windows 上均受支持，无需安装额外的软件。设置过程通常只需要几分钟。如果无法连接,请首先检查是否输入了正确的 VPN 登录凭证。
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---
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# Configure IPsec/L2TP VPN Clients
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**Note:** You may also connect using [IKEv2](ikev2-howto.md) (recommended) or [IPsec/XAuth](clients-xauth.md) mode.
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After [setting up your own VPN server](https://github.com/hwdsl2/setup-ipsec-vpn), follow these steps to configure your devices. IPsec/L2TP is natively supported by Android, iOS, OS X, and Windows. There is no additional software to install. Setup should only take a few minutes. In case you are unable to connect, first check to make sure the VPN credentials were entered correctly.
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---
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# IKEv2 VPN 配置和使用指南
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**注：** 你也可以使用 [IPsec/L2TP](clients-zh.md) 或者 [IPsec/XAuth](clients-xauth-zh.md) 模式连接。
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* [导言](#导言)
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* [配置 IKEv2 VPN 客户端](#配置-ikev2-vpn-客户端)
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* [故障排除](#故障排除)
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* [管理客户端证书](#管理客户端证书)
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* [管理 IKEv2 客户端](#管理-ikev2-客户端)
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* [更改 IKEv2 服务器地址](#更改-ikev2-服务器地址)
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* [更新 IKEv2 辅助脚本](#更新-ikev2-辅助脚本)
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* [使用辅助脚本配置 IKEv2](#使用辅助脚本配置-ikev2)
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Windows 自带的 VPN 客户端可能不支持 IKEv2 fragmentation（该功能[需要](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/openspecs/windows_protocols/ms-ikee/74df968a-7125-431d-9c98-4ea929e548dc) Windows 10 v1803 或更新版本）。在有些网络上，这可能会导致连接错误或其它连接问题。你可以尝试换用 [IPsec/L2TP](clients-zh.md) 或 [IPsec/XAuth](clients-xauth-zh.md) 模式。
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## 管理客户端证书
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## 管理 IKEv2 客户端
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* [列出已有的客户端](#列出已有的客户端)
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* [添加客户端证书](#添加客户端证书)
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**警告：** 这将**永久删除**客户端证书和私钥。此操作**不可撤销**！
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如果要删除一个客户端证书：
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如果要删除一个现有的客户端：
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```bash
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sudo ikev2.sh --deleteclient [client name]
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### 吊销客户端证书
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在某些情况下，你可能需要吊销一个之前生成的 VPN 客户端证书。要吊销证书，可以运行辅助脚本。
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在某些情况下，你可能需要吊销一个之前生成的 VPN 客户端证书。
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如果要吊销一个现有的客户端：
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```bash
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sudo ikev2.sh --revokeclient [client name]
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--addclient [client name] add a new client using default options
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--exportclient [client name] export configuration for an existing client
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--listclients list the names of existing clients
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--revokeclient [client name] revoke a client certificate
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--deleteclient [client name] delete a client certificate
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--revokeclient [client name] revoke an existing client
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--deleteclient [client name] delete an existing client
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--removeikev2 remove IKEv2 and delete all certificates and keys from the IPsec database
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-h, --help show this help message and exit
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# Guide: How to Set Up and Use IKEv2 VPN
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**Note:** You may also connect using [IPsec/L2TP](clients.md) or [IPsec/XAuth](clients-xauth.md) mode.
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* [Introduction](#introduction)
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* [Configure IKEv2 VPN clients](#configure-ikev2-vpn-clients)
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* [Troubleshooting](#troubleshooting)
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* [Manage client certificates](#manage-client-certificates)
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* [Manage IKEv2 clients](#manage-ikev2-clients)
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* [Change IKEv2 server address](#change-ikev2-server-address)
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* [Update IKEv2 helper script](#update-ikev2-helper-script)
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* [Set up IKEv2 using helper script](#set-up-ikev2-using-helper-script)
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The built-in VPN client in Windows may not support IKEv2 fragmentation (this feature [requires](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/openspecs/windows_protocols/ms-ikee/74df968a-7125-431d-9c98-4ea929e548dc) Windows 10 v1803 or newer). On some networks, this can cause the connection to fail or have other issues. You may instead try the [IPsec/L2TP](clients.md) or [IPsec/XAuth](clients-xauth.md) mode.
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## Manage client certificates
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## Manage IKEv2 clients
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* [List existing clients](#list-existing-clients)
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* [Add a client certificate](#add-a-client-certificate)
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**Warning:** The client certificate and private key will be **permanently deleted**. This **cannot be undone**!
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To delete a client certificate:
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To delete an existing client:
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```bash
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sudo ikev2.sh --deleteclient [client name]
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### Revoke a client certificate
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In certain circumstances, you may need to revoke a previously generated VPN client certificate. To revoke a certificate, run the helper script.
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In certain circumstances, you may need to revoke a previously generated VPN client certificate.
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To revoke an existing client:
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```bash
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sudo ikev2.sh --revokeclient [client name]
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--addclient [client name] add a new client using default options
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--exportclient [client name] export configuration for an existing client
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--listclients list the names of existing clients
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--revokeclient [client name] revoke a client certificate
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--deleteclient [client name] delete a client certificate
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--revokeclient [client name] revoke an existing client
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--deleteclient [client name] delete an existing client
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--removeikev2 remove IKEv2 and delete all certificates and keys from the IPsec database
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-h, --help show this help message and exit
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# 管理 VPN 用户
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在默认情况下，将只创建一个用于 VPN 登录的用户账户。如果你需要查看或管理 IPsec/L2TP 和 IPsec/XAuth ("Cisco IPsec") 模式的用户，请阅读本文档。对于 IKEv2，参见 [管理客户端证书](ikev2-howto-zh.md#管理客户端证书)。
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在默认情况下，将只创建一个用于 VPN 登录的用户账户。如果你需要查看或管理 IPsec/L2TP 和 IPsec/XAuth ("Cisco IPsec") 模式的用户，请阅读本文档。对于 IKEv2，参见 [管理 IKEv2 客户端](ikev2-howto-zh.md#管理-ikev2-客户端)。
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* [使用辅助脚本管理 VPN 用户](#使用辅助脚本管理-vpn-用户)
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* [查看 VPN 用户](#查看-vpn-用户)
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## 使用辅助脚本管理 VPN 用户
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你可以使用辅助脚本添加，删除或者更新 VPN 用户。它们将同时更新 IPsec/L2TP 和 IPsec/XAuth ("Cisco IPsec") 模式的用户。对于 IKEv2 模式，请参见 [管理客户端证书](ikev2-howto-zh.md#管理客户端证书)。
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你可以使用辅助脚本添加，删除或者更新 VPN 用户。它们将同时更新 IPsec/L2TP 和 IPsec/XAuth ("Cisco IPsec") 模式的用户。对于 IKEv2，参见 [管理 IKEv2 客户端](ikev2-howto-zh.md#管理-ikev2-客户端)。
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**注：** 将下面的命令的参数换成你自己的值。VPN 用户信息保存在文件 `/etc/ppp/chap-secrets` 和 `/etc/ipsec.d/passwd`。脚本在修改这些文件之前会先做备份，使用 `.old-日期-时间` 为后缀。
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# Manage VPN Users
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By default, a single user account for VPN login is created. If you wish to view or manage users for the IPsec/L2TP and IPsec/XAuth ("Cisco IPsec") modes, read this document. For IKEv2, see [Manage client certificates](ikev2-howto.md#manage-client-certificates).
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By default, a single user account for VPN login is created. If you wish to view or manage users for the IPsec/L2TP and IPsec/XAuth ("Cisco IPsec") modes, read this document. For IKEv2, see [Manage IKEv2 clients](ikev2-howto.md#manage-ikev2-clients).
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* [Manage VPN users using helper scripts](#manage-vpn-users-using-helper-scripts)
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* [View VPN users](#view-vpn-users)
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## Manage VPN users using helper scripts
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You may use helper scripts to add, delete or update VPN users for both IPsec/L2TP and IPsec/XAuth ("Cisco IPsec") modes. For IKEv2 mode, see [Manage client certificates](ikev2-howto.md#manage-client-certificates).
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You may use helper scripts to add, delete or update VPN users for both IPsec/L2TP and IPsec/XAuth ("Cisco IPsec") modes. For IKEv2, see [Manage IKEv2 clients](ikev2-howto.md#manage-ikev2-clients).
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**Note:** Replace command arguments below with your own values. VPN users are stored in `/etc/ppp/chap-secrets` and `/etc/ipsec.d/passwd`. The scripts will backup these files before making changes, with `.old-date-time` suffix.
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