212 lines
8.4 KiB
Markdown
212 lines
8.4 KiB
Markdown
|
# 如何配置 IKEv2 VPN: Windows 7 和更新版本
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
*其他语言版本: [English](ikev2-howto.md), [简体中文](ikev2-howto-zh.md).*
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**重要提示：** 本指南仅适用于**高级用户**。其他用户请使用 <a href="clients-zh.md" target="_blank">IPsec/L2TP</a> 或者 <a href="clients-xauth-zh.md" target="_blank">IPsec/XAuth</a>。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Windows 7 和更新版本支持 IKEv2 和 MOBIKE 标准，通过 Microsoft 的 Agile VPN 功能来实现。因特网密钥交换 （英语：Internet Key Exchange，简称 IKE 或 IKEv2）是一种网络协议，归属于 IPsec 协议族之下，用以创建安全关联 （Security association，SA）。与 IKEv1 相比较，IKEv2 带来许多<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Key_Exchange#Improvements_with_IKEv2" target="_blank">功能改进</a>，比如通过 MOBIKE 实现 Standard Mobility 支持，以及更高的可靠性。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Libreswan 支持通过使用 RSA 签名算法的 X.509 Machine Certificates 来对 IKEv2 客户端进行身份验证。该方法无需 IPsec PSK, 用户名或密码。除了 Windows 之外，它也可用于 <a href="https://wiki.strongswan.org/projects/strongswan/wiki/AndroidVpnClient" target="_blank">strongSwan Android VPN 客户端</a>。下面举例说明如何配置 IKEv2。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
1. 获取服务器的公共和私有 IP 地址，并确保它们的值非空。注意，这两个 IP 地址可以相同。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```bash
|
|||
|
|
$ PUBLIC_IP=$(dig @resolver1.opendns.com -t A -4 myip.opendns.com +short)
|
|||
|
|
$ PRIVATE_IP=$(ip -4 route get 1 | awk '{print $NF;exit}')
|
|||
|
|
$ echo "$PUBLIC_IP"
|
|||
|
|
(Your public IP is displayed)
|
|||
|
|
$ echo "$PRIVATE_IP"
|
|||
|
|
(Your private IP is displayed)
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
1. 在 `/etc/ipsec.conf` 文件中添加一个新的 IKEv2 连接:
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```bash
|
|||
|
|
$ cat >> /etc/ipsec.conf <<EOF
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
conn ikev2-cp
|
|||
|
|
left=$PRIVATE_IP
|
|||
|
|
leftcert=$PUBLIC_IP
|
|||
|
|
leftid=@$PUBLIC_IP
|
|||
|
|
leftsendcert=always
|
|||
|
|
leftsubnet=0.0.0.0/0
|
|||
|
|
leftrsasigkey=%cert
|
|||
|
|
right=%any
|
|||
|
|
rightaddresspool=192.168.43.10-192.168.43.250
|
|||
|
|
rightca=%same
|
|||
|
|
rightrsasigkey=%cert
|
|||
|
|
modecfgdns1=8.8.8.8
|
|||
|
|
modecfgdns2=8.8.4.4
|
|||
|
|
narrowing=yes
|
|||
|
|
dpddelay=30
|
|||
|
|
dpdtimeout=120
|
|||
|
|
dpdaction=clear
|
|||
|
|
auto=add
|
|||
|
|
ikev2=insist
|
|||
|
|
rekey=no
|
|||
|
|
fragmentation=yes
|
|||
|
|
forceencaps=yes
|
|||
|
|
ike=3des-sha1,aes-sha1,aes256-sha2_512,aes256-sha2_256
|
|||
|
|
phase2alg=3des-sha1,aes-sha1,aes256-sha2_512,aes256-sha2_256
|
|||
|
|
EOF
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
1. 生成 Certificate Authority (CA) 和 VPN 服务器证书：
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```bash
|
|||
|
|
$ certutil -S -x -n "Example CA" -s "O=Example,CN=Example CA" -k rsa -g 4096 -v 12 -d sql:/etc/ipsec.d -t "CT,," -2
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
A random seed must be generated that will be used in the
|
|||
|
|
creation of your key. One of the easiest ways to create a
|
|||
|
|
random seed is to use the timing of keystrokes on a keyboard.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
To begin, type keys on the keyboard until this progress meter
|
|||
|
|
is full. DO NOT USE THE AUTOREPEAT FUNCTION ON YOUR KEYBOARD!
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Continue typing until the progress meter is full:
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|************************************************************|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Finished. Press enter to continue:
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Generating key. This may take a few moments...
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Is this a CA certificate [y/N]?
|
|||
|
|
y
|
|||
|
|
Enter the path length constraint, enter to skip [<0 for unlimited path]: >
|
|||
|
|
Is this a critical extension [y/N]?
|
|||
|
|
N
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
$ certutil -S -c "Example CA" -n "$PUBLIC_IP" -s "O=Example,CN=$PUBLIC_IP" -k rsa -g 4096 -v 12 -d sql:/etc/ipsec.d -t ",," -1 -6 -8 "$PUBLIC_IP"
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
A random seed must be generated that will be used in the
|
|||
|
|
creation of your key. One of the easiest ways to create a
|
|||
|
|
random seed is to use the timing of keystrokes on a keyboard.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
To begin, type keys on the keyboard until this progress meter
|
|||
|
|
is full. DO NOT USE THE AUTOREPEAT FUNCTION ON YOUR KEYBOARD!
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Continue typing until the progress meter is full:
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|************************************************************|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Finished. Press enter to continue:
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Generating key. This may take a few moments...
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
0 - Digital Signature
|
|||
|
|
1 - Non-repudiation
|
|||
|
|
2 - Key encipherment
|
|||
|
|
3 - Data encipherment
|
|||
|
|
4 - Key agreement
|
|||
|
|
5 - Cert signing key
|
|||
|
|
6 - CRL signing key
|
|||
|
|
Other to finish
|
|||
|
|
> 0
|
|||
|
|
0 - Digital Signature
|
|||
|
|
1 - Non-repudiation
|
|||
|
|
2 - Key encipherment
|
|||
|
|
3 - Data encipherment
|
|||
|
|
4 - Key agreement
|
|||
|
|
5 - Cert signing key
|
|||
|
|
6 - CRL signing key
|
|||
|
|
Other to finish
|
|||
|
|
> 2
|
|||
|
|
0 - Digital Signature
|
|||
|
|
1 - Non-repudiation
|
|||
|
|
2 - Key encipherment
|
|||
|
|
3 - Data encipherment
|
|||
|
|
4 - Key agreement
|
|||
|
|
5 - Cert signing key
|
|||
|
|
6 - CRL signing key
|
|||
|
|
Other to finish
|
|||
|
|
> 8
|
|||
|
|
Is this a critical extension [y/N]?
|
|||
|
|
N
|
|||
|
|
0 - Server Auth
|
|||
|
|
1 - Client Auth
|
|||
|
|
2 - Code Signing
|
|||
|
|
3 - Email Protection
|
|||
|
|
4 - Timestamp
|
|||
|
|
5 - OCSP Responder
|
|||
|
|
6 - Step-up
|
|||
|
|
7 - Microsoft Trust List Signing
|
|||
|
|
Other to finish
|
|||
|
|
> 0
|
|||
|
|
0 - Server Auth
|
|||
|
|
1 - Client Auth
|
|||
|
|
2 - Code Signing
|
|||
|
|
3 - Email Protection
|
|||
|
|
4 - Timestamp
|
|||
|
|
5 - OCSP Responder
|
|||
|
|
6 - Step-up
|
|||
|
|
7 - Microsoft Trust List Signing
|
|||
|
|
Other to finish
|
|||
|
|
> 8
|
|||
|
|
Is this a critical extension [y/N]?
|
|||
|
|
N
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
1. 生成客户端证书，并且导出 p12 文件。该文件包含客户端证书，私钥以及 CA 证书：
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```bash
|
|||
|
|
$ certutil -S -c "Example CA" -n "winclient" -s "O=Example,CN=winclient" -k rsa -g 4096 -v 12 -d sql:/etc/ipsec.d -t ",," -1 -6 -8 "winclient"
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
-- repeat same extensions as above --
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
$ pk12util -o winclient.p12 -n "winclient" -d sql:/etc/ipsec.d
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Enter password for PKCS12 file:
|
|||
|
|
Re-enter password:
|
|||
|
|
pk12util: PKCS12 EXPORT SUCCESSFUL
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
可以重复该步骤来为更多的客户端生成证书，但必须把所有的 `winclient` 换成 `winclient2`，等等。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
1. 证书数据库现在应该包含以下内容：
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```bash
|
|||
|
|
$ certutil -L -d sql:/etc/ipsec.d
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Certificate Nickname Trust Attributes
|
|||
|
|
SSL,S/MIME,JAR/XPI
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Example CA CTu,u,u
|
|||
|
|
($PUBLIC_IP) u,u,u
|
|||
|
|
winclient u,u,u
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
注：如需删除证书，可运行命令 `certutil -D -d sql:/etc/ipsec.d -n "Certificate Nickname"`。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
1. 重启 IPsec 服务：
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```bash
|
|||
|
|
$ service ipsec restart
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
1. 文件 `winclient.p12` 应该被安全的传送到 Windows 客户端计算机，并且导入到 Computer 证书存储。在导入 CA 证书后，它必须被放入（或移动到） "Trusted Root Certification Authorities" 目录的 "Certificates" 子目录中。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
详细的操作步骤：
|
|||
|
|
https://wiki.strongswan.org/projects/strongswan/wiki/Win7Certs
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
1. 在 Windows 计算机上添加一个新的 IKEv2 VPN 连接。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
https://wiki.strongswan.org/projects/strongswan/wiki/Win7Config
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
1. 启用新的 IKEv2 VPN 连接，并且开始使用自己的专属 VPN！
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
https://wiki.strongswan.org/projects/strongswan/wiki/Win7Connect
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
连接成功后，你可以到<a href="https://www.whatismyip.com" target="_blank">这里</a>检测你的 IP 地址，应该显示为`你的 VPN 服务器 IP`。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## 已知问题
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Windows 7 和更新版本自带的 VPN 客户端不支持 IKEv2 fragmentation。在有些网络上，这可能会导致连接错误 "Error 809"，或者可能在连接后无法打开任何网站。如果出现这些问题，请首先尝试 <a href="clients-zh.md#故障排除" target="_blank">这个解决方案</a>。如果仍然无法解决，请使用 <a href="clients-zh.md" target="_blank">IPsec/L2TP</a> 或者 <a href="clients-xauth-zh.md" target="_blank">IPsec/XAuth</a> 协议连接。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## 参考链接
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
* https://libreswan.org/wiki/VPN_server_for_remote_clients_using_IKEv2
|
|||
|
|
* https://libreswan.org/wiki/HOWTO:_Using_NSS_with_libreswan
|
|||
|
|
* https://libreswan.org/man/ipsec.conf.5.html
|
|||
|
|
* https://wiki.strongswan.org/projects/strongswan/wiki/Windows7
|