// Copyright 2017 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved. // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be // found in the LICENSE file. #include "base/win/com_init_check_hook.h" #include #include #include #include #include "base/strings/stringprintf.h" #include "base/synchronization/lock.h" #include "base/win/com_init_util.h" #include "base/win/patch_util.h" namespace base { namespace win { #if defined(COM_INIT_CHECK_HOOK_ENABLED) namespace { // Hotpatchable Microsoft x86 32-bit functions take one of two forms: // Newer format: // RelAddr Binary Instruction Remarks // -5 cc int 3 // -4 cc int 3 // -3 cc int 3 // -2 cc int 3 // -1 cc int 3 // 0 8bff mov edi,edi Actual entry point and no-op. // 2 ... Actual body. // // Older format: // RelAddr Binary Instruction Remarks // -5 90 nop // -4 90 nop // -3 90 nop // -2 90 nop // -1 90 nop // 0 8bff mov edi,edi Actual entry point and no-op. // 2 ... Actual body. // // The "int 3" or nop sled as well as entry point no-op are critical, as they // are just enough to patch in a short backwards jump to -5 (2 bytes) then that // can do a relative 32-bit jump about 2GB before or after the current address. // // To perform a hotpatch, we need to figure out where we want to go and where // we are now as the final jump is relative. Let's say we want to jump to // 0x12345678. Relative jumps are calculated from eip, which for our jump is the // next instruction address. For the example above, that means we start at a 0 // base address. // // Our patch will then look as follows: // RelAddr Binary Instruction Remarks // -5 e978563412 jmp 0x12345678-(-0x5+0x5) Note little-endian format. // 0 ebf9 jmp -0x5-(0x0+0x2) Goes to RelAddr -0x5. // 2 ... Actual body. // Note: The jmp instructions above are structured as // Address(Destination)-(Address(jmp Instruction)+sizeof(jmp Instruction)) // The struct below is provided for convenience and must be packed together byte // by byte with no word alignment padding. This comes at a very small // performance cost because now there are shifts handling the fields, but // it improves readability. #pragma pack(push, 1) struct StructuredHotpatch { unsigned char jmp_32_relative = 0xe9; // jmp relative 32-bit. int32_t relative_address = 0; // 32-bit signed operand. unsigned char jmp_8_relative = 0xeb; // jmp relative 8-bit. unsigned char back_address = 0xf9; // Operand of -7. }; #pragma pack(pop) static_assert(sizeof(StructuredHotpatch) == 7, "Needs to be exactly 7 bytes for the hotpatch to work."); // nop Function Padding with "mov edi,edi" const unsigned char g_hotpatch_placeholder_nop[] = {0x90, 0x90, 0x90, 0x90, 0x90, 0x8b, 0xff}; // int 3 Function Padding with "mov edi,edi" const unsigned char g_hotpatch_placeholder_int3[] = {0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0x8b, 0xff}; class HookManager { public: static HookManager* GetInstance() { static auto* hook_manager = new HookManager(); return hook_manager; } void RegisterHook() { AutoLock auto_lock(lock_); if (init_count_ == 0) WriteHook(); ++init_count_; } void UnregisterHook() { AutoLock auto_lock(lock_); DCHECK_NE(0U, init_count_); if (init_count_ == 1) RevertHook(); --init_count_; } private: enum class HotpatchPlaceholderFormat { // The hotpatch placeholder is currently unknown UNKNOWN, // The hotpatch placeholder used int 3's in the sled. INT3, // The hotpatch placeholder used nop's in the sled. NOP, // This function has already been patched by a different component. EXTERNALLY_PATCHED, }; HookManager() = default; ~HookManager() = default; void WriteHook() { lock_.AssertAcquired(); DCHECK(!ole32_library_); ole32_library_ = ::LoadLibrary(L"ole32.dll"); if (!ole32_library_) return; // See banner comment above why this subtracts 5 bytes. co_create_instance_padded_address_ = reinterpret_cast( GetProcAddress(ole32_library_, "CoCreateInstance")) - 5; // See banner comment above why this adds 7 bytes. original_co_create_instance_body_function_ = reinterpret_cast( co_create_instance_padded_address_ + 7); uint32_t dchecked_co_create_instance_address = reinterpret_cast(&HookManager::DCheckedCoCreateInstance); uint32_t jmp_offset_base_address = co_create_instance_padded_address_ + 5; structured_hotpatch_.relative_address = dchecked_co_create_instance_address - jmp_offset_base_address; HotpatchPlaceholderFormat format = GetHotpatchPlaceholderFormat( reinterpret_cast(co_create_instance_padded_address_)); if (format == HotpatchPlaceholderFormat::UNKNOWN) { NOTREACHED() << "Unrecognized hotpatch function format: " << FirstSevenBytesToString( co_create_instance_padded_address_); return; } else if (format == HotpatchPlaceholderFormat::EXTERNALLY_PATCHED) { hotpatch_placeholder_format_ = format; NOTREACHED() << "CoCreateInstance appears to be previously patched. <" << FirstSevenBytesToString( co_create_instance_padded_address_) << "> Attempted to write <" << FirstSevenBytesToString( reinterpret_cast(&structured_hotpatch_)) << ">"; return; } DCHECK_EQ(hotpatch_placeholder_format_, HotpatchPlaceholderFormat::UNKNOWN); DWORD patch_result = internal::ModifyCode( reinterpret_cast(co_create_instance_padded_address_), reinterpret_cast(&structured_hotpatch_), sizeof(structured_hotpatch_)); if (patch_result == NO_ERROR) hotpatch_placeholder_format_ = format; } void RevertHook() { lock_.AssertAcquired(); DWORD revert_result = NO_ERROR; switch (hotpatch_placeholder_format_) { case HotpatchPlaceholderFormat::INT3: if (WasHotpatchChanged()) return; revert_result = internal::ModifyCode( reinterpret_cast(co_create_instance_padded_address_), reinterpret_cast(&g_hotpatch_placeholder_int3), sizeof(g_hotpatch_placeholder_int3)); break; case HotpatchPlaceholderFormat::NOP: if (WasHotpatchChanged()) return; revert_result = internal::ModifyCode( reinterpret_cast(co_create_instance_padded_address_), reinterpret_cast(&g_hotpatch_placeholder_nop), sizeof(g_hotpatch_placeholder_nop)); break; case HotpatchPlaceholderFormat::EXTERNALLY_PATCHED: case HotpatchPlaceholderFormat::UNKNOWN: break; } DCHECK_EQ(revert_result, static_cast(NO_ERROR)) << "Failed to revert CoCreateInstance hot-patch"; hotpatch_placeholder_format_ = HotpatchPlaceholderFormat::UNKNOWN; if (ole32_library_) { ::FreeLibrary(ole32_library_); ole32_library_ = nullptr; } co_create_instance_padded_address_ = 0; original_co_create_instance_body_function_ = nullptr; } HotpatchPlaceholderFormat GetHotpatchPlaceholderFormat(const void* address) { if (::memcmp(reinterpret_cast(co_create_instance_padded_address_), reinterpret_cast(&g_hotpatch_placeholder_int3), sizeof(g_hotpatch_placeholder_int3)) == 0) { return HotpatchPlaceholderFormat::INT3; } if (::memcmp(reinterpret_cast(co_create_instance_padded_address_), reinterpret_cast(&g_hotpatch_placeholder_nop), sizeof(g_hotpatch_placeholder_nop)) == 0) { return HotpatchPlaceholderFormat::NOP; } const unsigned char* instruction_bytes = reinterpret_cast( co_create_instance_padded_address_); const unsigned char entry_point_byte = instruction_bytes[5]; // Check for all of the common jmp opcodes. if (entry_point_byte == 0xeb || entry_point_byte == 0xe9 || entry_point_byte == 0xff || entry_point_byte == 0xea) { return HotpatchPlaceholderFormat::EXTERNALLY_PATCHED; } return HotpatchPlaceholderFormat::UNKNOWN; } bool WasHotpatchChanged() { if (::memcmp(reinterpret_cast(co_create_instance_padded_address_), reinterpret_cast(&structured_hotpatch_), sizeof(structured_hotpatch_)) == 0) { return false; } NOTREACHED() << "CoCreateInstance patch overwritten. Expected: <" << FirstSevenBytesToString(co_create_instance_padded_address_) << ">, Actual: <" << FirstSevenBytesToString( reinterpret_cast(&structured_hotpatch_)) << ">"; return true; } static HRESULT __stdcall DCheckedCoCreateInstance(const CLSID& rclsid, IUnknown* pUnkOuter, DWORD dwClsContext, REFIID riid, void** ppv) { // Chromium COM callers need to make sure that their thread is configured to // process COM objects to avoid creating an implicit MTA or silently failing // STA object creation call due to the SUCCEEDED() pattern for COM calls. // // If you hit this assert as part of migrating to the Task Scheduler, // evaluate your threading guarantees and dispatch your work with // base::CreateCOMSTATaskRunnerWithTraits(). // // If you need MTA support, ping //base/task/task_scheduler/OWNERS. AssertComInitialized( "CoCreateInstance calls in Chromium require explicit COM " "initialization via base::CreateCOMSTATaskRunnerWithTraits() or " "ScopedCOMInitializer. See the comment in DCheckedCoCreateInstance for " "more details."); return original_co_create_instance_body_function_(rclsid, pUnkOuter, dwClsContext, riid, ppv); } // Returns the first 7 bytes in hex as a string at |address|. static std::string FirstSevenBytesToString(uint32_t address) { const unsigned char* bytes = reinterpret_cast(address); return base::StringPrintf("%02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x", bytes[0], bytes[1], bytes[2], bytes[3], bytes[4], bytes[5], bytes[6]); } // Synchronizes everything in this class. base::Lock lock_; size_t init_count_ = 0; HMODULE ole32_library_ = nullptr; uint32_t co_create_instance_padded_address_ = 0; HotpatchPlaceholderFormat hotpatch_placeholder_format_ = HotpatchPlaceholderFormat::UNKNOWN; StructuredHotpatch structured_hotpatch_; static decltype( ::CoCreateInstance)* original_co_create_instance_body_function_; DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(HookManager); }; decltype(::CoCreateInstance)* HookManager::original_co_create_instance_body_function_ = nullptr; } // namespace #endif // defined(COM_INIT_CHECK_HOOK_ENABLED) ComInitCheckHook::ComInitCheckHook() { #if defined(COM_INIT_CHECK_HOOK_ENABLED) HookManager::GetInstance()->RegisterHook(); #endif // defined(COM_INIT_CHECK_HOOK_ENABLED) } ComInitCheckHook::~ComInitCheckHook() { #if defined(COM_INIT_CHECK_HOOK_ENABLED) HookManager::GetInstance()->UnregisterHook(); #endif // defined(COM_INIT_CHECK_HOOK_ENABLED) } } // namespace win } // namespace base