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Go Patterns
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Creational Patterns
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Abstract Factory
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Factory Method
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Object Pool
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Singleton
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Structural Patterns
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Bridge
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Composite
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<a href="../structural/decorator.html">
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Decorator
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Facade
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Flyweight
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Proxy
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<a href="../#behavioral-patterns">
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Behavioral Patterns
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.1.3.1" data-path="../behavioral/chain_of_responsibility.md">
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Chain of Responsibility
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</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.1.3.2" data-path="../behavioral/command.md">
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<span>
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Command
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</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.1.3.3" data-path="../behavioral/mediator.md">
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<span>
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Mediator
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</a>
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<span>
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Memento
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</a>
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Observer
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.1.3.6" data-path="../behavioral/registry.md">
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<span>
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Registry
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.1.3.7" data-path="../behavioral/state.md">
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<span>
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State
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.1.3.8" data-path="../behavioral/strategy.html">
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<a href="../behavioral/strategy.html">
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Strategy
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.1.3.9" data-path="../behavioral/template.md">
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<span>
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Template
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.1.3.10" data-path="../behavioral/visitor.md">
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<span>
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Visitor
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.1.4" data-path="../">
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<a href="../#synchronization-patterns">
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Synchronization Patterns
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.1.4.1" data-path="condition_variable.md">
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<span>
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Condition Variable
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.1.4.2" data-path="mutex.md">
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<span>
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Lock/Mutex
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.1.4.3" data-path="monitor.md">
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<span>
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Monitor
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.1.4.4" data-path="read_write_lock.md">
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<span>
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Read-Write Lock
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter active" data-level="1.1.4.5" data-path="semaphore.html">
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<a href="semaphore.html">
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Semaphore
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.1.5" data-path="../">
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<a href="../#concurrency-patterns">
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Concurrency Patterns
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.1.5.1" data-path="../concurrency/barrier.md">
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<span>
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N-Barrier
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.1.5.2" data-path="../concurrency/bounded_parallelism.html">
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<a href="../concurrency/bounded_parallelism.html">
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Bounded Parallelism
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.1.5.3" data-path="../concurrency/broadcast.md">
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<span>
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Broadcast
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.1.5.4" data-path="../concurrency/coroutine.md">
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<span>
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Coroutines
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.1.5.5" data-path="../concurrency/generator.html">
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<a href="../concurrency/generator.html">
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Generators
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.1.5.6" data-path="../concurrency/reactor.md">
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<span>
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Reactor
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.1.5.7" data-path="../concurrency/parallelism.html">
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<a href="../concurrency/parallelism.html">
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Parallelism
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.1.5.8" data-path="../concurrency/producer_consumer.md">
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<span>
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Producer Consumer
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.1.6" data-path="../">
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<a href="../#messaging-patterns">
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Messaging Patterns
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.1.6.1" data-path="../messaging/fan_in.html">
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<a href="../messaging/fan_in.html">
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Fan-In
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.1.6.2" data-path="../messaging/fan_out.html">
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<a href="../messaging/fan_out.html">
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Fan-Out
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.1.6.3" data-path="../messaging/futures_promises.md">
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<span>
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Futures & Promises
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.1.6.4" data-path="../messaging/publish_subscribe.html">
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<a href="../messaging/publish_subscribe.html">
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Publish/Subscribe
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.1.6.5" data-path="../messaging/push_pull.md">
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<span>
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Push & Pull
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.1.7" data-path="../">
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<a href="../#stability-patterns">
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Stability Patterns
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.1.7.1" data-path="../stability/bulkhead.md">
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<span>
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Bulkheads
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.1.7.2" data-path="../stability/circuit-breaker.html">
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<a href="../stability/circuit-breaker.html">
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Circuit-Breaker
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.1.7.3" data-path="../stability/deadline.md">
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<span>
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Deadline
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.1.7.4" data-path="../stability/fail_fast.md">
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<span>
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Fail-Fast
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.1.7.5" data-path="../stability/handshaking.md">
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<span>
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Handshaking
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</a>
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</li>
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<!-- Title -->
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<h1>
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<i class="fa fa-circle-o-notch fa-spin"></i>
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<a href=".." >Semaphore</a>
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</h1>
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</div>
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<div class="page-wrapper" tabindex="-1" role="main">
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<section class="normal markdown-section">
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<h1 id="semaphore-pattern">Semaphore Pattern</h1>
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<p>A semaphore is a synchronization pattern/primitive that imposes mutual exclusion on a limited number of resources. </p>
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<h2 id="implementation">Implementation</h2>
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<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">package</span> semaphore
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<span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> (
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ErrNoTickets = errors.New(<span class="hljs-string">"semaphore: could not aquire semaphore"</span>)
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ErrIllegalRelease = errors.New(<span class="hljs-string">"semaphore: can't release the semaphore without acquiring it first"</span>)
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)
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<span class="hljs-comment">// Interface contains the behavior of a semaphore that can be acquired and/or released.</span>
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<span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> Interface <span class="hljs-keyword">interface</span> {
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Acquire() error
|
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Release() error
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}
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<span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> implementation <span class="hljs-keyword">struct</span> {
|
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sem <span class="hljs-keyword">chan</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">struct</span>{}
|
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timeout time.Duration
|
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}
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<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> (s *implementation) Acquire() error {
|
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<span class="hljs-keyword">select</span> {
|
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<span class="hljs-keyword">case</span> s.sem <- <span class="hljs-keyword">struct</span>{}{}:
|
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<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-literal">nil</span>
|
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<span class="hljs-keyword">case</span> <-time.After(s.timeout):
|
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<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> ErrNoTickets
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
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|
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> (s *implementation) Release() error {
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">select</span> {
|
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<span class="hljs-keyword">case</span> _ = <-s.sem:
|
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<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-literal">nil</span>
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">case</span> <-time.After(s.timeout):
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> ErrIllegalRelease
|
|
}
|
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|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-literal">nil</span>
|
|
}
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|
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|
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> New(tickets <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>, timeout time.Duration) Interface {
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> &implementation{
|
|
sem: <span class="hljs-built_in">make</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">chan</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">struct</span>{}, tickets),
|
|
timeout: timeout,
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<h2 id="usage">Usage</h2>
|
|
<h3 id="semaphore-with-timeouts">Semaphore with Timeouts</h3>
|
|
<pre><code class="lang-go">tickets, timeout := <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>*time.Second
|
|
s := semaphore.New(tickets, timeout)
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> err := s.Acquire(); err != <span class="hljs-literal">nil</span> {
|
|
<span class="hljs-built_in">panic</span>(err)
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-comment">// Do important work</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> err := s.Release(); err != <span class="hljs-literal">nil</span> {
|
|
<span class="hljs-built_in">panic</span>(err)
|
|
}
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<h3 id="semaphore-without-timeouts-non-blocking">Semaphore without Timeouts (Non-Blocking)</h3>
|
|
<pre><code class="lang-go">tickets, timeout := <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>
|
|
s := semaphore.New(tickets, timeout)
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> err := s.Acquire(); err != <span class="hljs-literal">nil</span> {
|
|
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> err != semaphore.ErrNoTickets {
|
|
<span class="hljs-built_in">panic</span>(err)
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
<span class="hljs-comment">// No tickets left, can't work :(</span>
|
|
os.Exit(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)
|
|
}
|
|
</code></pre>
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