select2/docs/options.html

---
layout: default
title: Options - Select2
slug: options
---

<div class="container">
  <section id="core">
    <div class="page-header">
      <h1>Core options</h1>
    </div>

    <p>
      Select2 supports a small subset of options in every build that is
      generated. Each option typically has a decorator that is required that
      wraps an adapter, adding support for the option. This is only required
      when a custom adapter is being used, as Select2 will build the required
      adapters by default.
    </p>

    <p>
      Select2 will automatically apply decorators to any adapters which have not
      been manually overridden. The only time you need to decorate adapters is
      when you are using third-party adapters not provided by Select2, or you
      are using features not provided in the Select2 core. You can apply a
      decorator to an adapter using the
      <code title="select2/utils">Utils.Decorate</code> method provided with
      Select2.
    </p>

<pre class="prettyprint linenums">
$.fn.select2.amd.require(
    ["select2/utils", "select2/selection/single", "select2/selection/placeholder"],
    function (Utils, SingleSelection, Placeholder) {
  var CustomSelectionAdapter = Utils.Decorate(SingleSelection, Placeholder);
});
</pre>

    <p>
      All core options that use decorators or adapters will clearly state it
      in the "Decorator" or "Adapter" part of the documentation. Decorators are
      typically only compatible with a specific type of adapter, so make sure to
      note what adapter is given.
    </p>

    <h2 id="data-attributes">
      Declaring configuration in the <code>data-*</code> attributes
    </h2>

    <p>
      It is recommended that you declare your configuration options for Select2
      when initializing Select2. You can also define your configuration options
      by using the HTML5 <code>data-*</code> attributes, which will override
      any options set when initializing Select2 and any defaults.
    </p>

    <p>
      This means that if you declare your <code>&lt;select&gt;</code> tag as...
    </p>

<pre class="prettyprint linenums">
&lt;select data-tags="true" data-placeholder="Select an option"&gt;&lt;/select&gt;
</pre>

    <p>
      Will be interpreted the same as initializing Select2 as...
    </p>

<pre class="prettyprint linenums">
$("select").select2({
  tags: "true",
  placeholder: "Select an option"
});
</pre>

    <p>
      You can also define nested configurations, which are typically needed for
      options such as AJAX. Each level of nesting should be separated by two
      dashes (<code>--</code>) instead of one.
    </p>

<pre class="prettyprint linenums">
&lt;select data-ajax--url="http://example.org/api/test" data-ajax--cache="true"&gt;&lt;/select&gt;
</pre>

    <p>
      Which will be interpreted the same as initializing Select2 with...
    </p>

<pre class="prettyprint linenums">
  $("select").select2({
    ajax: {
      url: "http://example.org/api/test",
      cache: "true"
    }
  });
</pre>

    <p>
      The value of the option is subject to jQuery's
      <a href="https://api.jquery.com/data/#data-html5">parsing rules</a> for
      HTML5 data attributes.
    </p>

    <h2>
      Display
    </h2>

    <p>
      Select2 provides options that allow you to directly affect how the
      container that holds the current selection is displayed.
    </p>

    <h3 id="placeholder">
      Placeholders
    </h3>

    <p>
      Select2 can display a placeholder for a single-value select that will
      replace an option, or be shown when no options are selected for
      multiple-value selects. You can find an example on the
      <a href="examples.html#placeholders">example page</a>.
    </p>

    <div class="row">
      <div class="col-sm-4">
        <dl class="dl-horizontal">
          <dt>Key</dt>
          <dd>
            <code>placeholder</code>
          </dd>

          <dt>Value</dt>
          <dd>string or object</dd>
        </dl>

        <hr />

        <dl class="dl-horizontal">
          <dt>Adapter</dt>
          <dd>
            <code title="select2/selection/base">SelectionAdapter</code>
          </dd>

          <dt>Decorator</dt>
          <dd>
            <code title="select2/selection/placeholder">Placeholder</code>
            and
            <code title="select2/dropdown/hidePlaceholder">HidePlaceholder</code>
          </dd>
        </dl>
      </div>

      <div class="col-sm-8">
        <div class="alert alert-warning">
          <strong>Heads up!</strong>
          Because browsers assume that the first <code>option</code> in
          single-value select boxes is selected, you should add an empty
          <code>&lt;option&gt;&lt;/option&gt;</code> tag that the placeholder
          should use or it may not work.
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>

    <p>
      If the <strong>value is a string</strong>, the placeholder will be
      displayed when a <strong>blank option</strong> is used as the placeholder.
      The <strong>value</strong> will be the message to show to users as the
      placeholders.
    </p>

<pre class="prettyprint linenums">
placeholder: "Select a repository",
</pre>

    <p>
      If the <strong>value is an object</strong>, the object should be
      compatible with Select2's internal objects. The <code>id</code> should
      be the id to look for when determining if the placeholder should be
      displayed. The <code>text</code> should be the placeholder to display
      when that option is selected.
    </p>

<pre class="prettyprint linenums">
placeholder: {
  id: "-1",
  text: "Select a repository"
}
</pre>

    <div class="alert alert-info">
      You should <strong>pass in an object</strong> when you are using a
      framework that <strong>creates its own placeholder option</strong>. The
      <strong>id</strong> should be the same as the <code>value</code>
      attribute on the <code>option</code>.
    </div>

    <p id="allowClear">
      You can allow a selected option to be cleared back to the placeholder by
      enabling the <code>allowClear</code> option.
    </p>

    <div class="row">
      <div class="col-sm-6">
        <dl class="dl-horizontal">
          <dt>Key</dt>
          <dd><code>allowClear</code></dd>

          <dt>Value</dt>
          <dd>boolean</dd>
        </dl>
      </div>

      <div class="col-sm-6">
        <dl class="dl-horizontal">
          <dt>Adapter</dt>
          <dd>
            <code title="select2/selection/base">SelectionAdapter</code>
          </dd>

          <dt>Decorator</dt>
          <dd>
            <code title="select2/selection/allowClear">AllowClear</code>
          </dd>
        </dl>
      </div>
    </div>

    <p>
      This will display an "x" that the user can click to clear the current
      selection. It is designed to be used for cases where a single selection
      can be made.
    </p>

    <h3 id="multiple">
      Multiple selections
    </h3>

    <p>
      Select2 can display either a single selection or multiple selections.
    </p>

    <dl class="dl-horizontal">
      <dt>Key</dt>
      <dd><code>multiple</code></dd>

      <dt>Value</dt>
      <dd>boolean (<code>true</code> or <code>false</code>)</dd>
    </dl>

    This option will determine what the <code>SelectAdapter</code> (used by
    default) should use to set the value of the underlying <code>select</code>
    element. It will also determine if the <code>MultipleSelection</code>
    adapter should be used.

    <h3 id="language">
      Internationalization (Language support)
    </h3>

    <p>
      Messages will be displayed to users when necessary, such as when no
      search results were found or more characters need to be entered in order
      for a search to be made. These messages have been
      <a href="community.html#translations">translated into many languages</a>
      by contributors to Select2, but you can also provide your own
      translations.
    </p>

    <div class="row">
      <div class="col-sm-4">
        <dl class="dl-horizontal">
          <dt>Key</dt>
          <dd><code>language</code></dd>

          <dt>Value</dt>
          <dd>object or string</dd>
        </dl>

        <hr />

        <dl class="dl-horizontal">
          <dt>Module</dt>
          <dd>
            <code title="select2/translation">Translation</code>
          </dd>
        </dl>
      </div>

      <div class="col-sm-8">
        <p class="alert alert-warning">
          <strong>Heads up!</strong> When using translations provided by Select2,
          you must make sure to include the translation file in your page after
          Select2.
        </p>
      </div>
    </div>

    <p>
      When a string is passed in as the language, Select2 will try to resolve
      it into a language file. This allows you to specify your own language
      files, which must be defined as an AMD module. If the language file
      cannot be found, Select2 will assume it is a language code controlled by
      Select2, and it will try to load the translations for that language
      instead.
    </p>

    <p>
      You can include your own translations by providing an object similar to
      the one below.
    </p>

<pre class="prettyprint">
language: {
  // You can find all of the options in the language files provided in the
  // build. They all must be functions that return the string that should be
  // displayed.
  inputTooShort: function () {
    return "You must enter more characters...";
  }
}
</pre>

    <h2>
      Results
    </h2>

    <p>
      Select2 can work on many different data sets ranging from local options,
      the same way that a <code>&lt;select&gt;</code> typically works, from
      remote options where a server generates the results that users can select
      from.
    </p>

    <h3 id="data">
      Array
    </h3>

    <p>
      Select2 allows creating the results based on an array of data objects that
      is included when initializing Select2.
    </p>

    <div class="row">
      <div class="col-sm-6">
        <dl class="dl-horizontal">
          <dt>Key</dt>
          <dd><code>data</code></dd>

          <dt>Value</dt>
          <dd>array of objects</dd>
        </dl>
      </div>

      <div class="col-sm-6">
        <dl class="dl-horizontal">
          <dt>Adapter</dt>
          <dd>
            <code title="select2/data/array">ArrayAdapter</code>
          </dd>
        </dl>
      </div>
    </div>

    <p>
      The objects that the users can select from should be passed as an array
      with each object containing <code>id</code> and <code>text</code>
      properties.
    </p>

    <h3 id="ajax">
      AJAX
    </h3>

    <p>
      Select2 allows searching for results from remote data sources using AJAX
      requests.
    </p>

    <div class="row">
      <div class="col-sm-6">
        <dl class="dl-horizontal">
          <dt>Key</dt>
          <dd><code>ajax</code></dd>

          <dt>Value</dt>
          <dd>object</dd>
        </dl>
      </div>

      <div class="col-sm-6">
        <dl class="dl-horizontal">
          <dt>Adapter</dt>
          <dd>
            <code title="select2/data/ajax">AjaxAdapter</code>
          </dd>
        </dl>
      </div>
    </div>

    <p>
      All options passed to this option will be directly passed to the
      <code>$.ajax</code> function that executes AJAX requests. There are a few
      custom options that Select2 will intercept, allowing you to customize the
      request as it is being made.

<pre class="prettyprint">
ajax: {
  // The number of milliseconds to wait for the user to stop typing before
  // issuing the ajax request.
  delay: 250,
  // You can craft a custom url based on the parameters that are passed into the
  // request. This is useful if you are using a framework which has
  // JavaScript-based functions for generating the urls to make requests to.
  //
  // @param params The object containing the parameters used to generate the
  //   request.
  // @returns The url that the request should be made to.
  url: function (params) {
    return UrlGenerator.Random();
  },
  // You can pass custom data into the request based on the parameters used to
  // make the request. For `GET` requests, the default method, these are the
  // query parameters that are appended to the url. For `POST` requests, this
  // is the form data that will be passed into the request. For other requests,
  // the data returned from here should be customized based on what jQuery and
  // your server are expecting.
  //
  // @param params The object containing the parameters used to generate the
  //   request.
  // @returns Data to be directly passed into the request.
  data: function (params) {
    var queryParameters = {
      q: params.term
    }

    return queryParameters;
  },
  // You can modify the results that are returned from the server, allowing you
  // to make last-minute changes to the data, or find the correct part of the
  // response to pass to Select2. Keep in mind that results should be passed as
  // an array of objects.
  //
  // @param data The data as it is returned directly by jQuery.
  // @returns An object containing the results data as well as any required
  //   metadata that is used by plugins. The object should contain an array of
  //   data objects as the `results` key.
  processResults: function (data) {
    return {
      results: data
    };
  }
}
</pre>
    </p>

    <h3 id="tags">
      Tags
    </h3>

    <p>
      Users can create their own options based on the text that they have
      entered.
    </p>

    <div class="row">
      <div class="col-sm-6">
        <dl class="dl-horizontal">
          <dt>Key</dt>
          <dd><code>tags</code></dd>

          <dt>Value</dt>
          <dd>boolean / array of objects</dd>
        </dl>
      </div>

      <div class="col-sm-6">
        <dl class="dl-horizontal">
          <dt>Adapter</dt>
          <dd>
            <code title="select2/data/base">DataAdapter</code>
          </dd>

          <dt>Decorator</dt>
          <dd>
            <code title="select2/data/tags">Tags</code>
          </dd>
        </dl>
      </div>
    </div>

    <p>
      If the <code>tags</code> option is passed into Select2, if a user types
      anything into the search box which doesn't already exist, it will be
      displayed at the top and the user will be able to select it.
    </p>

    <p>
      <strong>For backwards compatibility</strong>, if an array of objects is
      passed in with the <code>tags</code> option, the options will be
      automatically created and the user will be able to select from them.
      This is the <strong>same as how <a href="#data">array data</a>
      works</strong>, and has similar limitations.
    </p>
  </section>

  <section id="dropdown">
    <div class="page-header">
      <h1>Dropdown</h1>
    </div>

    <p>
      Select2 allows you to change the way that the dropdown works, allowing you
      to do anything from attach it to a different location in the document or
      add a search box.
    </p>

    <h2 id="dropdownParent">
      Attached to body
    </h2>

    <p>
      By default, Select2 will attach the dropdown to the end of the body and
      will absolutely position it to appear below the selection container.
    </p>

    <div class="row">
      <div class="col-sm-4">
        <dl class="dl-horizontal">
          <dt>Key</dt>
          <dd><code>dropdownParent</code></dd>

          <dt>Value</dt>
          <dd>jQuery element or DOM node</dd>

          <hr />

          <dt>Adapter</dt>
          <dd>
            <code title="select2/dropdown">DropdownAdapter</code>
          </dd>

          <dt>Decorator</dt>
          <dd>
            <code title="select2/dropdown/attachBody">AttachBody</code>
          </dd>
        </dl>
      </div>

      <div class="col-sm-8">
        <div class="alert alert-warning">
          <strong>Heads up!</strong>
          This will cause DOM events to be raised outside of the standard
          Select2 DOM container. This can cause issues with
          third-party components such as modals.
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>

    <p>
      When the dropdown is attached to the body, you are not limited to just
      displaying the dropdown below the container. Select2 will display above
      the container if there is not enough space below the container, but there
      is enough space above it. You are also not limited to displaying the
      drodown within the parent container, which means Select2 will render
      correctly inside of modals and other small containers.
    </p>

    <h2 id="dropdown-attachContainer">
      Attached below the container
    </h2>

    <p>
      Select2 can place the dropdown directly after the selection container, so
      it will appear in the same location within the DOM as the rest of Select2.
    </p>

    <dl class="dl-horizontal">
      <dt>Adapter</dt>
      <dd>
        <code title="select2/dropdown">DropdownAdapter</code>
      </dd>

      <dt>Decorator</dt>
      <dd>
        <code title="select2/dropdown/attachContainer">AttachContainer</code>
      </dd>
    </dl>

    <div class="alert alert-info">
      <strong>
        <a href="https://harvesthq.github.io/chosen/">Harvest Chosen</a>
        migrators!
      </strong>
      If you are migrating to Select2 from Chosen, this option will cause
      Select2 to position the dropdown in a similar way.
    </div>

    <h2 id="dropdown-search">
      Search
    </h2>

    <p>
      Users can filter down the results by typing a search term into a box that
      is displayed at the top of the dropdown.
    </p>

    <dl class="dl-horizontal">
      <dt>Adapter</dt>
      <dd>
        <code title="select2/dropdown">DropdownAdapter</code>
      </dd>

      <dt>Decorator</dt>
      <dd>
        <code title="select2/dropdown/search">DropdownSearch</code>
      </dd>
    </dl>

    <p>
      A search box is added to the top of the dropdown automatically for select
      boxes where only a single option can be selected.
    </p>
  </section>

  <section id="events">
    <div class="page-header">
      <h1>Events</h1>
    </div>

    <p>
      Select2 has an internal event system that is used to notify parts of the
      component that state has changed, as well as an adapter that allows some
      of these events to be relayed to the outside word.
    </p>

    <dl class="dl-horizontal">
      <dt>Adapter</dt>
      <dd>
        <code title="select2/selection">SelectionAdapter</code>
      </dd>

      <dt>Decorator</dt>
      <dd>
        <code title="select2/selection/eventRelay">EventRelay</code>
      </dd>
    </dl>

    <h2>
      Public events
    </h2>

    <p>
      All public events are relayed using the jQuery event system, and they are
      triggered on the <code>&lt;select&gt;</code> element that Select2 is
      attached to. You can attach to them using the
      <a href="https://api.jquery.com/on/"><code>.on</code> method</a> provided
      by jQuery.
    </p>

    <h2>
      Internal events
    </h2>

    <p>
      Select2 triggers internal events using its own internal event system,
      which allows adapters to communicate with each other. These events are not
      accessible through the jQuery event system.
    </p>

    <p>
      You can find more information on the public events triggered by individual
      adapters in <a href="#adapters">the individual adapter documentation</a>.
    </p>
  </section>

  <section id="adapters">
    <div class="page-header">
      <h1>Adapters</h1>
    </div>

    <p>
      Select2 allows plugins to add additional functionality through the core
      adapters. You can change almost anything involving the way Select2 works
      to the way Select2 interacts with the page by modifying the core adapters.
      Most third-party plugins should provide decorators (used to wrap adapters)
      and custom adapters that you can use.
    </p>

    <p>
      Each adapter contains a set of methods which will must always be defined.
      Along with the global methods that all adapters must implement, these
      methods must be implemented.
    </p>

    <h2>
      All adapters
    </h2>

    <p>
      All adapters must implement a set of methods that Select2 will use to
      display them and bind any internal events.
    </p>

<pre class="prettyprint linenums">
// The basic HTML that should be rendered by Select2. A jQuery or DOM element
// should be returned, which will automatically be placed by Select2 within the
// DOM.
//
// @returns A jQuery or DOM element that contains any elements that must be
//   rendered by Select2.
Adapter.render = function () {
  return $jq;
};

// Bind to any Select2 or DOM events.
//
// @param container The Select2 object that is bound to the jQuery element.  You
//   can listen to Select2 events with `on` and trigger Select2 events using the
//   `trigger` method.
// @param $container The jQuery DOM node that all default adapters will be
//   rendered within.
Adapter.bind = function (container, $container) { };

// Position the DOM element within the Select2 DOM container, or in another
// place. This allows adapters to be located outside of the Select2 DOM,
// such as at the end of the document or in a specific place within the Select2
// DOM node.
//
// Note: This method is not called on data adapters.
//
// @param $rendered The rendered DOM element that was returned from the call to
//   `render`. This may have been modified by Select2, but the root element
//   will always be the same.
// @param $defaultContainer The default container that Select2 will typically
//   place the rendered DOM element within. For most adapters, this is the
//   Select2 DOM element.
Adapter.position = function ($rendered, $defaultContainer) { };

// Destroy any events or DOM elements that have been created.
// This is called when `select2("destroy")` is called on an element.
Adapter.destroy = function () { };
</pre>

    <h2 id="selectionAdapter">
      Container (selection)
    </h2>

    <p>
      The selection is what is shown to the user as a replacement of the
      standard <code>&lt;select&gt;</code> box. It controls the display of the
      selection option(s), as well anything else that needs to be embedded
      within the container, such as a search box.
    </p>

    <dl class="dl-horizontal">
      <dt>Key</dt>
      <dd>
        <code>selectionAdapter</code>
      </dd>

      <dt>Default</dt>
      <dd>
        <code title="select2/selection/single">SingleSelection</code> or
        <code title="select2/selection/multiple">MultipleSelection</code>
      </dd>

      <dt>Base</dt>
      <dd>
        <code title="select2/selection/base">BaseSelection</code>
      </dd>
    </dl>

<pre class="prettyprint linenums">
// Update the selected data.
//
// @param data An array of data objects that have been generated by the data
//   adapter. If no objects should be selected, an empty array will be passed.
//
// Note: An array will always be passed into this method, even if Select2 is
// attached to a source which only accepts a single selection.
SelectionAdapter.update = function (data) { };
</pre>

    <h2 id="dataAdapter">
      Data set
    </h2>

    <p>
      The data set is what Select2 uses to generate the possible results that
      can be selected, as well as the currently selected results.
    </p>

    <dl class="dl-horizontal">
      <dt>Key</dt>
      <dd>
        <code>dataAdapter</code>
      </dd>

      <dt>Default</dt>
      <dd>
        <code title="select2/data/select">SelectAdapter</code>
      </dd>

      <dt>Base</dt>
      <dd>
        <code title="select2/data/base">BaseAdapter</code>
      </dd>
    </dl>

<pre class="prettyprint linenums">
// Get the currently selected options. This is called when trying to get the
// initial selection for Select2, as well as when Select2 needs to determine
// what options within the results are selected.
//
// @param callback A function that should be called when the current selection
//   has been retrieved. The first parameter to the function should be an array
//   of data objects.
DataAdapter.current = function (callback) {
  callback(currentData);
}

// Get a set of options that are filtered based on the parameters that have
// been passed on in.
//
// @param params An object containing any number of parameters that the query
//   could be affected by. Only the core parameters will be documented.
// @param params.term A user-supplied term. This is typically the value of the
//   search box, if one exists, but can also be an empty string or null value.
// @param params.page The specific page that should be loaded. This is typically
//   provided when working with remote data sets, which rely on pagination to
//   determine what objects should be displayed.
// @param callback The function that should be called with the queried results.
DataAdapter.query = function (params, callback) {
  callback(queryiedData);
}
</pre>

    <h2 id="dropdownAdapter">
      Dropdown
    </h2>

    <p>
      The dropdown adapter defines the main container that the dropdown should
      be held in. <strong>It does not define any extra methods that can be used
      for decorators</strong>, but it is common for decorators to attach to the
      <code>render</code> and <code>position</code> methods to alter how the
      dropdown is altered and positioned.
    </p>

    <dl class="dl-horizontal">
      <dt>Key</dt>
      <dd>
        <code>dropdownAdapter</code>
      </dd>

      <dt>Default</dt>
      <dd>
        <code title="select2/dropdown">DropdownAdapter</code>
      </dd>
    </dl>

    <h2 id="resultsAdapter">
      Results
    </h2>

    <p>
      The results adapter controls the list of results that the user can select
      from. While the results adapter does not define any additional methods
      that must be implemented, it makes extensive use of the Select2 event
      system for controlling the display of results and messages.
    </p>

    <dl class="dl-horizontal">
      <dt>Key</dt>
      <dd>
        <code>resultsAdapter</code>
      </dd>

      <dt>Default</dt>
      <dd>
        <code title="select2/results">ResultsAdapter</code>
      </dd>
    </dl>
  </section>
</div>

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