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< title > Introduction - graphql-php< / title >
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< a class = "" href = ".." > About< / a >
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< a class = "" href = "../getting-started/" > Getting Started< / a >
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< a class = "" href = "../complementary-tools/" > Complementary Tools< / a >
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< span class = "caption-text" > Type Definitions< / span >
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< a class = "current" href = "./" > Introduction< / a >
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< li class = "toctree-l3" > < a href = "#type-system" > Type System< / a > < / li >
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< li class = "toctree-l3" > < a href = "#type-definition-styles" > Type Definition Styles< / a > < / li >
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< li class = "toctree-l3" > < a href = "#type-registry" > Type Registry< / a > < / li >
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< a class = "" href = "object-types/" > Object Types< / a >
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< a class = "" href = "scalar-types/" > Scalar Types< / a >
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< a class = "" href = "enum-types/" > Enumeration Types< / a >
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< a class = "" href = "lists-and-nonnulls/" > Lists and Non-Null< / a >
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< a class = "" href = "interfaces/" > Interfaces< / a >
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< a class = "" href = "unions/" > Unions< / a >
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< a class = "" href = "input-types/" > Mutations and Input Types< / a >
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< a class = "" href = "directives/" > Directives< / a >
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< a class = "" href = "schema/" > Schema< / a >
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< a class = "" href = "type-language/" > Using Type Language< / a >
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< a class = "" href = "../executing-queries/" > Executing Queries< / a >
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< a class = "" href = "../data-fetching/" > Fetching Data< / a >
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< a class = "" href = "../error-handling/" > Handling Errors< / a >
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< a class = "" href = "../how-it-works/" > How it works< / a >
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< a class = "" href = "../reference/" > Class Reference< / a >
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< h1 id = "type-system" > Type System< / h1 >
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< p > To start using GraphQL you are expected to implement a type hierarchy and expose it as < a href = "schema/" > Schema< / a > . < / p >
< p > In graphql-php < strong > type< / strong > is an instance of internal class from
< code > GraphQL\Type\Definition< / code > namespace: < a href = "object-types/" > < code > ObjectType< / code > < / a > ,
< a href = "interfaces/" > < code > InterfaceType< / code > < / a > , < a href = "unions/" > < code > UnionType< / code > < / a > , < a href = "input-types/" > < code > InputObjectType< / code > < / a > ,
< a href = "scalar-types/" > < code > ScalarType< / code > < / a > , < a href = "enum-types/" > < code > EnumType< / code > < / a > (or one of subclasses).< / p >
< p > But most of the types in your schema will be < a href = "object-types/" > object types< / a > .< / p >
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< h1 id = "type-definition-styles" > Type Definition Styles< / h1 >
< p > Several styles of type definitions are supported depending on your preferences.< / p >
< p > Inline definitions:< / p >
< pre > < code class = "php" > < ?php
namespace MyApp;
use GraphQL\Type\Definition\ObjectType;
use GraphQL\Type\Definition\Type;
$myType = new ObjectType([
'name' => 'MyType',
'fields' => [
'id' => Type::id()
]
]);
< / code > < / pre >
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< p > Class per type:< / p >
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< pre > < code class = "php" > < ?php
namespace MyApp;
use GraphQL\Type\Definition\ObjectType;
use GraphQL\Type\Definition\Type;
class MyType extends ObjectType
{
public function __construct()
{
$config = [
// Note: 'name' is not needed in this form:
// it will be inferred from class name by omitting namespace and dropping " Type" suffix
'fields' => [
'id' => Type::id()
]
];
parent::__construct($config);
}
}
< / code > < / pre >
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< p > Using < a href = "http://graphql.org/learn/schema/#type-language" > GraphQL Type language< / a > :< / p >
< pre > < code class = "graphql" > schema {
query: Query
mutation: Mutation
}
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type Query {
greetings(input: HelloInput!): String!
}
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input HelloInput {
firstName: String!
lastName: String
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}
< / code > < / pre >
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< p > Read more about type language definitions in a < a href = "type-language/" > dedicated docs section< / a > .< / p >
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< h1 id = "type-registry" > Type Registry< / h1 >
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< p > Every type must be presented in Schema by a single instance (< strong > graphql-php< / strong >
throws when it discovers several instances with the same < strong > name< / strong > in the schema).< / p >
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< p > Therefore if you define your type as separate PHP class you must ensure that only one
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instance of that class is added to the schema.< / p >
< p > The typical way to do this is to create a registry of your types:< / p >
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< pre > < code class = "php" > < ?php
namespace MyApp;
class TypeRegistry
{
private $myAType;
private $myBType;
public function myAType()
{
return $this-> myAType ?: ($this-> myAType = new MyAType($this));
}
public function myBType()
{
return $this-> myBType ?: ($this-> myBType = new MyBType($this));
}
}
< / code > < / pre >
< p > And use this registry in type definition:< / p >
< pre > < code class = "php" > < ?php
namespace MyApp;
use GraphQL\Type\Definition\ObjectType;
class MyAType extends ObjectType
{
public function __construct(TypeRegistry $types)
{
parent::__construct([
'fields' => [
'b' => $types-> myBType()
]
]);
}
}
< / code > < / pre >
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< p > Obviously, you can automate this registry as you wish to reduce boilerplate or even
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introduce Dependency Injection Container if your types have other dependencies.< / p >
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< p > Alternatively, all methods of the registry could be static - then there is no need
to pass it in constructor - instead just use use < strong > TypeRegistry::myAType()< / strong > in your
type definitions.< / p >
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