321 lines
11 KiB
HTML
321 lines
11 KiB
HTML
<html>
|
|
<head>
|
|
<META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
|
|
<title>SimpleTest documentation for testing log-in and authentication</title>
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="docs.css" title="Styles">
|
|
</head>
|
|
<body>
|
|
<div class="menu_back">
|
|
<div class="menu">
|
|
<h2>
|
|
<a href="index.html">SimpleTest</a>
|
|
</h2>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<a href="overview.html">Overview</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<a href="unit_test_documentation.html">Unit tester</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<a href="group_test_documentation.html">Group tests</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<a href="server_stubs_documentation.html">Server stubs</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<a href="mock_objects_documentation.html">Mock objects</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<a href="partial_mocks_documentation.html">Partial mocks</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<a href="reporter_documentation.html">Reporting</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<a href="expectation_documentation.html">Expectations</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<a href="web_tester_documentation.html">Web tester</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<a href="form_testing_documentation.html">Testing forms</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<span class="chosen">Authentication</span>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<a href="browser_documentation.html">Scriptable browser</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<h1>Authentication documentation</h1>
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
One of the trickiest, and yet most important, areas
|
|
of testing web sites is the security.
|
|
Testing these schemes is one of the core goals of
|
|
the SimpleTest web tester.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="target" name="basic">
|
|
<h2>Basic HTTP authentication</h2>
|
|
</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
If you fetch a page protected by basic authentication then
|
|
rather than receiving content, you will instead get a 401
|
|
header.
|
|
We can illustrate this with this test...
|
|
<pre>
|
|
class AuthenticationTest extends WebTestCase {<strong>
|
|
function test401Header() {
|
|
$this->get('http://www.lastcraft.com/protected/');
|
|
$this->showHeaders();
|
|
}</strong>
|
|
}
|
|
</pre>
|
|
This allows us to see the challenge header...
|
|
<div class="demo">
|
|
<h1>File test</h1>
|
|
<pre style="background-color: lightgray; color: black">
|
|
HTTP/1.1 401 Authorization Required
|
|
Date: Sat, 18 Sep 2004 19:25:18 GMT
|
|
Server: Apache/1.3.29 (Unix) PHP/4.3.4
|
|
WWW-Authenticate: Basic realm="SimpleTest basic authentication"
|
|
Connection: close
|
|
Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1
|
|
</pre>
|
|
<div style="padding: 8px; margin-top: 1em; background-color: green; color: white;">1/1 test cases complete.
|
|
<strong>0</strong> passes, <strong>0</strong> fails and <strong>0</strong> exceptions.</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
We are trying to get away from visual inspection though, and so SimpleTest
|
|
allows to make automated assertions against the challenge.
|
|
Here is a thorough test of our header...
|
|
<pre>
|
|
class AuthenticationTest extends WebTestCase {
|
|
function test401Header() {
|
|
$this->get('http://www.lastcraft.com/protected/');<strong>
|
|
$this->assertAuthentication('Basic');
|
|
$this->assertResponse(401);
|
|
$this->assertRealm('SimpleTest basic authentication');</strong>
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
</pre>
|
|
Any one of these tests would normally do on it's own depending
|
|
on the amount of detail you want to see.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Most of the time we are not interested in testing the
|
|
authentication itself, but want to get past it to test
|
|
the pages underneath.
|
|
As soon as the challenge has been issued we can reply with
|
|
an authentication response...
|
|
<pre>
|
|
class AuthenticationTest extends WebTestCase {
|
|
function testAuthentication() {
|
|
$this->get('http://www.lastcraft.com/protected/');<strong>
|
|
$this->authenticate('Me', 'Secret');</strong>
|
|
$this->assertTitle(...);
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
</pre>
|
|
The username and password will now be sent with every
|
|
subsequent request to that directory and subdirectories.
|
|
You will have to authenticate again if you step outside
|
|
the authenticated directory, but SimpleTest is smart enough
|
|
to merge subdirectories into a common realm.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
You can shortcut this step further by encoding the log in
|
|
details straight into the URL...
|
|
<pre>
|
|
class AuthenticationTest extends WebTestCase {
|
|
function testCanReadAuthenticatedPages() {
|
|
$this->get('http://<strong>Me:Secret@</strong>www.lastcraft.com/protected/');
|
|
$this->assertTitle(...);
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
</pre>
|
|
If your username or password has special characters, then you
|
|
will have to URL encode them or the request will not be parsed
|
|
correctly.
|
|
Also this header will not be sent on subsequent requests if
|
|
you request a page with a fully qualified URL.
|
|
If you navigate with relative URLs though, the authentication
|
|
information will be preserved.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Only basic authentication is currently supported and this is
|
|
only really secure in tandem with HTTPS connections.
|
|
This is usually enough to protect test server from prying eyes,
|
|
however.
|
|
Digest authentication and NTLM authentication may be added
|
|
in the future.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="target" name="cookies">
|
|
<h2>Cookies</h2>
|
|
</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Basic authentication doesn't give enough control over the
|
|
user interface for web developers.
|
|
More likely this functionality will be coded directly into
|
|
the web architecture using cookies and complicated timeouts.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Starting with a simple log-in form...
|
|
<pre>
|
|
<form>
|
|
Username:
|
|
<input type="text" name="u" value="" /><br />
|
|
Password:
|
|
<input type="password" name="p" value="" /><br />
|
|
<input type="submit" value="Log in" />
|
|
</form>
|
|
</pre>
|
|
Which looks like...
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<form class="demo">
|
|
Username:
|
|
<input type="text" name="u" value="">
|
|
<br>
|
|
Password:
|
|
<input type="password" name="p" value="">
|
|
<br>
|
|
<input type="submit" value="Log in">
|
|
</form>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Let's suppose that in fetching this page a cookie has been
|
|
set with a session ID.
|
|
We are not going to fill the form in yet, just test that
|
|
we are tracking the user.
|
|
Here is the test...
|
|
<pre>
|
|
class LogInTest extends WebTestCase {
|
|
function testSessionCookieSetBeforeForm() {
|
|
$this->get('http://www.my-site.com/login.php');<strong>
|
|
$this->assertCookie('SID');</strong>
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
</pre>
|
|
All we are doing is confirming that the cookie is set.
|
|
As the value is likely to be rather cryptic it's not
|
|
really worth testing this.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
The rest of the test would be the same as any other form,
|
|
but we might want to confirm that we still have the same
|
|
cookie after log-in as before we entered.
|
|
We wouldn't want to lose track of this after all.
|
|
Here is a possible test for this...
|
|
<pre>
|
|
class LogInTest extends WebTestCase {
|
|
...
|
|
function testSessionCookieSameAfterLogIn() {
|
|
$this->get('http://www.my-site.com/login.php');<strong>
|
|
$session = $this->getCookie('SID');
|
|
$this->setField('u', 'Me');
|
|
$this->setField('p', 'Secret');
|
|
$this->clickSubmit('Log in');
|
|
$this->assertWantedPattern('/Welcome Me/');
|
|
$this->assertCookie('SID', $session);</strong>
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
</pre>
|
|
This confirms that the session identifier is maintained
|
|
afer log-in.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
We could even attempt to spoof our own system by setting
|
|
arbitrary cookies to gain access...
|
|
<pre>
|
|
class LogInTest extends WebTestCase {
|
|
...
|
|
function testSessionCookieSameAfterLogIn() {
|
|
$this->get('http://www.my-site.com/login.php');<strong>
|
|
$this->setCookie('SID', 'Some other session');
|
|
$this->get('http://www.my-site.com/restricted.php');</strong>
|
|
$this->assertWantedPattern('/Access denied/');
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
</pre>
|
|
Is your site protected from this attack?
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="target" name="session">
|
|
<h2>Browser sessions</h2>
|
|
</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
If you are testing an authentication system a critical piece
|
|
of behaviour is what happens when a user logs back in.
|
|
We would like to simulate closing and reopening a browser...
|
|
<pre>
|
|
class LogInTest extends WebTestCase {
|
|
...
|
|
function testLoseAuthenticationAfterBrowserClose() {
|
|
$this->get('http://www.my-site.com/login.php');
|
|
$this->setField('u', 'Me');
|
|
$this->setField('p', 'Secret');
|
|
$this->clickSubmit('Log in');
|
|
$this->assertWantedPattern('/Welcome Me/');<strong>
|
|
|
|
$this->restart();
|
|
$this->get('http://www.my-site.com/restricted.php');
|
|
$this->assertWantedPattern('/Access denied/');</strong>
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
</pre>
|
|
The <span class="new_code">WebTestCase::restart()</span> method will
|
|
preserve cookies that have unexpired timeouts, but throw away
|
|
those that are temporary or expired.
|
|
You can optionally specify the time and date that the restart
|
|
happened.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Expiring cookies can be a problem.
|
|
After all, if you have a cookie that expires after an hour,
|
|
you don't want to stall the test for an hour while the
|
|
cookie passes it's timeout.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
To push the cookies over the hour limit you can age them
|
|
before you restart the session...
|
|
<pre>
|
|
class LogInTest extends WebTestCase {
|
|
...
|
|
function testLoseAuthenticationAfterOneHour() {
|
|
$this->get('http://www.my-site.com/login.php');
|
|
$this->setField('u', 'Me');
|
|
$this->setField('p', 'Secret');
|
|
$this->clickSubmit('Log in');
|
|
$this->assertWantedPattern('/Welcome Me/');
|
|
<strong>
|
|
$this->ageCookies(3600);</strong>
|
|
$this->restart();
|
|
$this->get('http://www.my-site.com/restricted.php');
|
|
$this->assertWantedPattern('/Access denied/');
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
</pre>
|
|
After the restart it will appear that cookies are an
|
|
hour older and any that pass their expiry will have
|
|
disappeared.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="copyright">
|
|
Copyright<br>Marcus Baker, Jason Sweat, Perrick Penet 2004
|
|
</div>
|
|
</body>
|
|
</html>
|