QL_statement ::= select_statement | update_statement | delete_statement select_statement ::= select_clause from_clause [where_clause] [groupby_clause] [having_clause] [orderby_clause] update_statement ::= update_clause [where_clause] delete_statement ::= delete_clause [where_clause] from_clause ::= FROM identification_variable_declaration {, {identification_variable_declaration | collection_member_declaration}}* identification_variable_declaration ::= range_variable_declaration { join | fetch_join }* range_variable_declaration ::= abstract_schema_name [AS ] identification_variable join ::= join_spec join_association_path_expression [AS ] identification_variable fetch_join ::= join_specFETCH join_association_path_expression association_path_expression ::= collection_valued_path_expression | single_valued_association_path_expression join_spec::= [LEFT [OUTER ] |INNER ]JOIN join_association_path_expression ::= join_collection_valued_path_expression | join_single_valued_association_path_expression join_collection_valued_path_expression::= identification_variable.collection_valued_association_field join_single_valued_association_path_expression::= identification_variable.single_valued_association_field collection_member_declaration ::= IN ( collection_valued_path_expression) [AS ] identification_variable single_valued_path_expression ::= state_field_path_expression | single_valued_association_path_expression state_field_path_expression ::= {identification_variable | single_valued_association_path_expression}.state_field single_valued_association_path_expression ::= identification_variable.{single_valued_association_field.}* single_valued_association_field collection_valued_path_expression ::= identification_variable.{single_valued_association_field.}*collection_valued_association_field state_field ::= {embedded_class_state_field.}*simple_state_field update_clause ::=UPDATE abstract_schema_name [[AS ] identification_variable] SET update_item {, update_item}* update_item ::= [identification_variable.]{state_field | single_valued_association_field} = new_value new_value ::= simple_arithmetic_expression | string_primary | datetime_primary | boolean_primary | enum_primary simple_entity_expression | NULL delete_clause ::=DELETE FROM abstract_schema_name [[AS ] identification_variable] select_clause ::=SELECT [DISTINCT ] select_expression {, select_expression}* select_expression ::= single_valued_path_expression | aggregate_expression | identification_variable | OBJECT( identification_variable) | constructor_expression constructor_expression ::= NEW constructor_name( constructor_item {, constructor_item}*) constructor_item ::= single_valued_path_expression | aggregate_expression aggregate_expression ::= {AVG |MAX |MIN |SUM }( [DISTINCT ] state_field_path_expression) | COUNT ( [DISTINCT ] identification_variable | state_field_path_expression | single_valued_association_path_expression) where_clause ::=WHERE conditional_expression groupby_clause ::=GROUP BY groupby_item {, groupby_item}* groupby_item ::= single_valued_path_expression | identification_variable having_clause ::=HAVING conditional_expression orderby_clause ::=ORDER BY orderby_item {, orderby_item}* orderby_item ::= state_field_path_expression [ASC |DESC ] subquery ::= simple_select_clause subquery_from_clause [where_clause] [groupby_clause] [having_clause] subquery_from_clause ::= FROM subselect_identification_variable_declaration {, subselect_identification_variable_declaration}* subselect_identification_variable_declaration ::= identification_variable_declaration | association_path_expression [AS ] identification_variable | collection_member_declaration simple_select_clause ::=SELECT [DISTINCT ] simple_select_expression simple_select_expression::= single_valued_path_expression | aggregate_expression | identification_variable conditional_expression ::= conditional_term | conditional_expressionOR conditional_term conditional_term ::= conditional_factor | conditional_termAND conditional_factor conditional_factor ::= [NOT ] conditional_primary conditional_primary ::= simple_cond_expression |( conditional_expression) simple_cond_expression ::= comparison_expression | between_expression | like_expression | in_expression | null_comparison_expression | empty_collection_comparison_expression | collection_member_expression | exists_expression between_expression ::= arithmetic_expression [NOT ]BETWEEN arithmetic_expressionAND arithmetic_expression | string_expression [NOT ]BETWEEN string_expressionAND string_expression | datetime_expression [NOT ]BETWEEN datetime_expressionAND datetime_expression in_expression ::= state_field_path_expression [NOT ]IN ( in_item {, in_item}* | subquery) in_item ::= literal | input_parameter like_expression ::= string_expression [NOT ]LIKE pattern_value [ESCAPE escape_character] null_comparison_expression ::= {single_valued_path_expression | input_parameter}IS [NOT ] NULL empty_collection_comparison_expression ::= collection_valued_path_expressionIS [NOT] EMPTY collection_member_expression ::= entity_expression [NOT ]MEMBER [OF ] collection_valued_path_expression exists_expression::= [NOT ]EXISTS (subquery) all_or_any_expression ::= {ALL |ANY |SOME } (subquery) comparison_expression ::= string_expression comparison_operator {string_expression | all_or_any_expression} | boolean_expression {= |<> } {boolean_expression | all_or_any_expression} | enum_expression {= |<> } {enum_expression | all_or_any_expression} | datetime_expression comparison_operator {datetime_expression | all_or_any_expression} | entity_expression {= |<> } {entity_expression | all_or_any_expression} | arithmetic_expression comparison_operator {arithmetic_expression | all_or_any_expression} comparison_operator ::== |> |>= |< |<= |<> arithmetic_expression ::= simple_arithmetic_expression | (subquery) simple_arithmetic_expression ::= arithmetic_term | simple_arithmetic_expression {+ |- } arithmetic_term arithmetic_term ::= arithmetic_factor | arithmetic_term {* |/ } arithmetic_factor arithmetic_factor ::= [{+ |- }] arithmetic_primary arithmetic_primary ::= state_field_path_expression | numeric_literal | (simple_arithmetic_expression) | input_parameter | functions_returning_numerics | aggregate_expression string_expression ::= string_primary | (subquery) string_primary ::= state_field_path_expression | string_literal | input_parameter | functions_returning_strings | aggregate_expression datetime_expression ::= datetime_primary | (subquery) datetime_primary ::= state_field_path_expression | input_parameter | functions_returning_datetime | aggregate_expression boolean_expression ::= boolean_primary | (subquery) boolean_primary ::= state_field_path_expression | boolean_literal | input_parameter | enum_expression ::= enum_primary | (subquery) enum_primary ::= state_field_path_expression | enum_literal | input_parameter | entity_expression ::= single_valued_association_path_expression | simple_entity_expression simple_entity_expression ::= identification_variable | input_parameter functions_returning_numerics::= LENGTH( string_primary) | LOCATE( string_primary, string_primary[, simple_arithmetic_expression]) | ABS( simple_arithmetic_expression) | SQRT( simple_arithmetic_expression) | MOD( simple_arithmetic_expression, simple_arithmetic_expression) | SIZE( collection_valued_path_expression) functions_returning_datetime ::= CURRENT_DATE | CURRENT_TIME | CURRENT_TIMESTAMP functions_returning_strings ::= CONCAT( string_primary, string_primary) | SUBSTRING( string_primary, simple_arithmetic_expression, simple_arithmetic_expression)| TRIM( [[trim_specification] [trim_character]FROM ] string_primary) | LOWER( string_primary) | UPPER( string_primary) trim_specification ::=LEADING | TRAILING | BOTH