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18
docs/en/index.rst
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@ -25,22 +25,15 @@ of contents <toc>`.
Getting Started Getting Started
--------------- ---------------
* **Setup**:
:doc:`Installation & Configuration <reference/configuration>` |
:doc:`Commandline Tools <reference/tools>`
* **Tutorial**: * **Tutorial**:
:doc:`Code First <tutorials/getting-started>` | :doc:`Code First <tutorials/getting-started>` |
:doc:`Model First <tutorials/getting-started-models>` | :doc:`Model First <tutorials/getting-started-models>` |
:doc:`Database First <tutorials/getting-started-database>` :doc:`Database First <tutorials/getting-started-database>`
* **Introduction**:
:doc:`In 10 quick steps <tutorials/in-ten-quick-steps>` |
:doc:`Architecture <reference/architecture>`
* **Setup**:
:doc:`Installation <reference/installation>` |
:doc:`Configuration <reference/configuration>` |
:doc:`Tools <reference/tools>`
* :doc:`Limitations and knowns issues <reference/limitations-and-known-issues>`
Mapping Objects onto a Database Mapping Objects onto a Database
------------------------------- -------------------------------
@ -75,6 +68,9 @@ Working with Objects
Advanced Topics Advanced Topics
--------------- ---------------
* :doc:`Architecture <reference/architecture>`
* :doc:`Advanced Configuration <reference/advanced-configuration>`
* :doc:`Limitations and knowns issues <reference/limitations-and-known-issues>`
* :doc:`Transactions and Concurrency <reference/transactions-and-concurrency>` * :doc:`Transactions and Concurrency <reference/transactions-and-concurrency>`
* :doc:`Filters <reference/filters>` * :doc:`Filters <reference/filters>`
* :doc:`NamingStrategy <reference/namingstrategy>` * :doc:`NamingStrategy <reference/namingstrategy>`

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@ -0,0 +1,432 @@
Advanced Configuration
======================
The configuration of the EntityManager requires a
``Doctrine\ORM\Configuration`` instance as well as some database
connection parameters. This example shows all the potential
steps of configuration.
.. code-block:: php
<?php
use Doctrine\ORM\EntityManager,
Doctrine\ORM\Configuration;
// ...
if ($applicationMode == "development") {
$cache = new \Doctrine\Common\Cache\ArrayCache;
} else {
$cache = new \Doctrine\Common\Cache\ApcCache;
}
$config = new Configuration;
$config->setMetadataCacheImpl($cache);
$driverImpl = $config->newDefaultAnnotationDriver('/path/to/lib/MyProject/Entities');
$config->setMetadataDriverImpl($driverImpl);
$config->setQueryCacheImpl($cache);
$config->setProxyDir('/path/to/myproject/lib/MyProject/Proxies');
$config->setProxyNamespace('MyProject\Proxies');
if ($applicationMode == "development") {
$config->setAutoGenerateProxyClasses(true);
} else {
$config->setAutoGenerateProxyClasses(false);
}
$connectionOptions = array(
'driver' => 'pdo_sqlite',
'path' => 'database.sqlite'
);
$em = EntityManager::create($connectionOptions, $config);
.. note::
Do not use Doctrine without a metadata and query cache!
Doctrine is optimized for working with caches. The main
parts in Doctrine that are optimized for caching are the metadata
mapping information with the metadata cache and the DQL to SQL
conversions with the query cache. These 2 caches require only an
absolute minimum of memory yet they heavily improve the runtime
performance of Doctrine. The recommended cache driver to use with
Doctrine is `APC <http://www.php.net/apc>`_. APC provides you with
an opcode-cache (which is highly recommended anyway) and a very
fast in-memory cache storage that you can use for the metadata and
query caches as seen in the previous code snippet.
Configuration Options
---------------------
The following sections describe all the configuration options
available on a ``Doctrine\ORM\Configuration`` instance.
Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. code-block:: php
<?php
$config->setProxyDir($dir);
$config->getProxyDir();
Gets or sets the directory where Doctrine generates any proxy
classes. For a detailed explanation on proxy classes and how they
are used in Doctrine, refer to the "Proxy Objects" section further
down.
Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. code-block:: php
<?php
$config->setProxyNamespace($namespace);
$config->getProxyNamespace();
Gets or sets the namespace to use for generated proxy classes. For
a detailed explanation on proxy classes and how they are used in
Doctrine, refer to the "Proxy Objects" section further down.
Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. code-block:: php
<?php
$config->setMetadataDriverImpl($driver);
$config->getMetadataDriverImpl();
Gets or sets the metadata driver implementation that is used by
Doctrine to acquire the object-relational metadata for your
classes.
There are currently 4 available implementations:
- ``Doctrine\ORM\Mapping\Driver\AnnotationDriver``
- ``Doctrine\ORM\Mapping\Driver\XmlDriver``
- ``Doctrine\ORM\Mapping\Driver\YamlDriver``
- ``Doctrine\ORM\Mapping\Driver\DriverChain``
Throughout the most part of this manual the AnnotationDriver is
used in the examples. For information on the usage of the XmlDriver
or YamlDriver please refer to the dedicated chapters
``XML Mapping`` and ``YAML Mapping``.
The annotation driver can be configured with a factory method on
the ``Doctrine\ORM\Configuration``:
.. code-block:: php
<?php
$driverImpl = $config->newDefaultAnnotationDriver('/path/to/lib/MyProject/Entities');
$config->setMetadataDriverImpl($driverImpl);
The path information to the entities is required for the annotation
driver, because otherwise mass-operations on all entities through
the console could not work correctly. All of metadata drivers
accept either a single directory as a string or an array of
directories. With this feature a single driver can support multiple
directories of Entities.
Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. code-block:: php
<?php
$config->setMetadataCacheImpl($cache);
$config->getMetadataCacheImpl();
Gets or sets the cache implementation to use for caching metadata
information, that is, all the information you supply via
annotations, xml or yaml, so that they do not need to be parsed and
loaded from scratch on every single request which is a waste of
resources. The cache implementation must implement the
``Doctrine\Common\Cache\Cache`` interface.
Usage of a metadata cache is highly recommended.
The recommended implementations for production are:
- ``Doctrine\Common\Cache\ApcCache``
- ``Doctrine\Common\Cache\MemcacheCache``
- ``Doctrine\Common\Cache\XcacheCache``
- ``Doctrine\Common\Cache\RedisCache``
For development you should use the
``Doctrine\Common\Cache\ArrayCache`` which only caches data on a
per-request basis.
Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. code-block:: php
<?php
$config->setQueryCacheImpl($cache);
$config->getQueryCacheImpl();
Gets or sets the cache implementation to use for caching DQL
queries, that is, the result of a DQL parsing process that includes
the final SQL as well as meta information about how to process the
SQL result set of a query. Note that the query cache does not
affect query results. You do not get stale data. This is a pure
optimization cache without any negative side-effects (except some
minimal memory usage in your cache).
Usage of a query cache is highly recommended.
The recommended implementations for production are:
- ``Doctrine\Common\Cache\ApcCache``
- ``Doctrine\Common\Cache\MemcacheCache``
- ``Doctrine\Common\Cache\XcacheCache``
- ``Doctrine\Common\Cache\RedisCache``
For development you should use the
``Doctrine\Common\Cache\ArrayCache`` which only caches data on a
per-request basis.
SQL Logger (***Optional***)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. code-block:: php
<?php
$config->setSQLLogger($logger);
$config->getSQLLogger();
Gets or sets the logger to use for logging all SQL statements
executed by Doctrine. The logger class must implement the
``Doctrine\DBAL\Logging\SQLLogger`` interface. A simple default
implementation that logs to the standard output using ``echo`` and
``var_dump`` can be found at
``Doctrine\DBAL\Logging\EchoSQLLogger``.
Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. code-block:: php
<?php
$config->setAutoGenerateProxyClasses($bool);
$config->getAutoGenerateProxyClasses();
Gets or sets whether proxy classes should be generated
automatically at runtime by Doctrine. If set to ``FALSE``, proxy
classes must be generated manually through the doctrine command
line task ``generate-proxies``. The strongly recommended value for
a production environment is ``FALSE``.
Development vs Production Configuration
---------------------------------------
You should code your Doctrine2 bootstrapping with two different
runtime models in mind. There are some serious benefits of using
APC or Memcache in production. In development however this will
frequently give you fatal errors, when you change your entities and
the cache still keeps the outdated metadata. That is why we
recommend the ``ArrayCache`` for development.
Furthermore you should have the Auto-generating Proxy Classes
option to true in development and to false in production. If this
option is set to ``TRUE`` it can seriously hurt your script
performance if several proxy classes are re-generated during script
execution. Filesystem calls of that magnitude can even slower than
all the database queries Doctrine issues. Additionally writing a
proxy sets an exclusive file lock which can cause serious
performance bottlenecks in systems with regular concurrent
requests.
Connection Options
------------------
The ``$connectionOptions`` passed as the first argument to
``EntityManager::create()`` has to be either an array or an
instance of ``Doctrine\DBAL\Connection``. If an array is passed it
is directly passed along to the DBAL Factory
``Doctrine\DBAL\DriverManager::getConnection()``. The DBAL
configuration is explained in the
`DBAL section <./../../../../../dbal/2.0/docs/reference/configuration/en>`_.
Proxy Objects
-------------
A proxy object is an object that is put in place or used instead of
the "real" object. A proxy object can add behavior to the object
being proxied without that object being aware of it. In Doctrine 2,
proxy objects are used to realize several features but mainly for
transparent lazy-loading.
Proxy objects with their lazy-loading facilities help to keep the
subset of objects that are already in memory connected to the rest
of the objects. This is an essential property as without it there
would always be fragile partial objects at the outer edges of your
object graph.
Doctrine 2 implements a variant of the proxy pattern where it
generates classes that extend your entity classes and adds
lazy-loading capabilities to them. Doctrine can then give you an
instance of such a proxy class whenever you request an object of
the class being proxied. This happens in two situations:
Reference Proxies
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The method ``EntityManager#getReference($entityName, $identifier)``
lets you obtain a reference to an entity for which the identifier
is known, without loading that entity from the database. This is
useful, for example, as a performance enhancement, when you want to
establish an association to an entity for which you have the
identifier. You could simply do this:
.. code-block:: php
<?php
// $em instanceof EntityManager, $cart instanceof MyProject\Model\Cart
// $itemId comes from somewhere, probably a request parameter
$item = $em->getReference('MyProject\Model\Item', $itemId);
$cart->addItem($item);
Here, we added an Item to a Cart without loading the Item from the
database. If you invoke any method on the Item instance, it would
fully initialize its state transparently from the database. Here
$item is actually an instance of the proxy class that was generated
for the Item class but your code does not need to care. In fact it
**should not care**. Proxy objects should be transparent to your
code.
Association proxies
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The second most important situation where Doctrine uses proxy
objects is when querying for objects. Whenever you query for an
object that has a single-valued association to another object that
is configured LAZY, without joining that association in the same
query, Doctrine puts proxy objects in place where normally the
associated object would be. Just like other proxies it will
transparently initialize itself on first access.
.. note::
Joining an association in a DQL or native query
essentially means eager loading of that association in that query.
This will override the 'fetch' option specified in the mapping for
that association, but only for that query.
Generating Proxy classes
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Proxy classes can either be generated manually through the Doctrine
Console or automatically by Doctrine. The configuration option that
controls this behavior is:
.. code-block:: php
<?php
$config->setAutoGenerateProxyClasses($bool);
$config->getAutoGenerateProxyClasses();
The default value is ``TRUE`` for convenient development. However,
this setting is not optimal for performance and therefore not
recommended for a production environment. To eliminate the overhead
of proxy class generation during runtime, set this configuration
option to ``FALSE``. When you do this in a development environment,
note that you may get class/file not found errors if certain proxy
classes are not available or failing lazy-loads if new methods were
added to the entity class that are not yet in the proxy class. In
such a case, simply use the Doctrine Console to (re)generate the
proxy classes like so:
.. code-block:: php
$ ./doctrine orm:generate-proxies
Autoloading Proxies
-------------------
When you deserialize proxy objects from the session or any other storage
it is necessary to have an autoloading mechanism in place for these classes.
For implementation reasons Proxy class names are not PSR-0 compliant. This
means that you have to register a special autoloader for these classes:
.. code-block:: php
<?php
use Doctrine\ORM\Proxy\Autoloader;
$proxyDir = "/path/to/proxies";
$proxyNamespace = "MyProxies";
Autoloader::register($proxyDir, $proxyNamespace);
If you want to execute additional logic to intercept the proxy file not found
state you can pass a closure as the third argument. It will be called with
the arguments proxydir, namespace and className when the proxy file could not
be found.
Multiple Metadata Sources
-------------------------
When using different components using Doctrine 2 you may end up
with them using two different metadata drivers, for example XML and
YAML. You can use the DriverChain Metadata implementations to
aggregate these drivers based on namespaces:
.. code-block:: php
<?php
use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping\Driver\DriverChain;
$chain = new DriverChain();
$chain->addDriver($xmlDriver, 'Doctrine\Tests\Models\Company');
$chain->addDriver($yamlDriver, 'Doctrine\Tests\ORM\Mapping');
Based on the namespace of the entity the loading of entities is
delegated to the appropriate driver. The chain semantics come from
the fact that the driver loops through all namespaces and matches
the entity class name against the namespace using a
``strpos() === 0`` call. This means you need to order the drivers
correctly if sub-namespaces use different metadata driver
implementations.
Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)
-----------------------------------
Specifies the FQCN of a subclass of the EntityRepository.
That will be available for all entities without a custom repository class.
.. code-block:: php
<?php
$config->setDefaultRepositoryClassName($fqcn);
$config->getDefaultRepositoryClassName();
The default value is ``Doctrine\ORM\EntityRepository``.
Any repository class must be a subclass of EntityRepository otherwise you got an ORMException
Setting up the Console
----------------------
Doctrine uses the Symfony Console component for generating the command
line interface. You can take a look at the ``vendor/bin/doctrine.php``
script and the ``Doctrine\ORM\Tools\Console\ConsoleRunner`` command
for inspiration how to setup the cli.
In general the required code looks like this:
.. code-block:: php
<?php
$cli = new Application('Doctrine Command Line Interface', \Doctrine\ORM\Version::VERSION);
$cli->setCatchExceptions(true);
$cli->setHelperSet($helperSet);
Doctrine\ORM\Tools\Console\ConsoleRunner::addCommands($cli);
$cli->run();

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@ -1,77 +1,36 @@
Configuration Installation and Configuration
============= ==============================
Bootstrapping Doctrine is a relatively simple procedure that Doctrine can be installed with `Composer <http://www.getcomposer.org>`_. For
roughly exists of four steps: older versions we still have `PEAR packages
<http://pear.doctrine-project.org>`_.
- `Installation <reference/installation>` Define the following requirement in your ``composer.json`` file:
- Making sure Doctrine class files can be loaded on demand.
- Obtaining an EntityManager instance. ::
- Optional: Configuration of the Console Tool
{
"require": {
"doctrine/orm": "*"
}
}
Then call ``composer install`` from your command line. If you don't know
how Composer works, check out their `Getting Started
<http://getcomposer.org/doc/00-intro.md>`_ to set up.
Class loading Class loading
------------- -------------
Composer
^^^^^^^^
Autoloading is taken care of by Composer. You just have to include the composer autoload file in your project: Autoloading is taken care of by Composer. You just have to include the composer autoload file in your project:
.. code-block:: php .. code-block:: php
<?php <?php
// Include Composer Autoload // bootstrap.php
// Include Composer Autoload (relative to project root).
require_once "vendor/autoload.php"; require_once "vendor/autoload.php";
Skip the rest of this section unless you are using another installation method.
Lets start with the class loading setup. We need to set up some
class loaders (often called "autoloader") so that Doctrine class
files are loaded on demand. The Doctrine namespace contains a very
fast and minimalistic class loader that can be used for Doctrine
and any other libraries where the coding standards ensure that a
class's location in the directory tree is reflected by its name and
namespace and where there is a common root namespace.
.. note::
You are not forced to use the Doctrine class loader to
load Doctrine classes. Doctrine does not care how the classes are
loaded, if you want to use a different class loader or your own to
load Doctrine classes, just do that. Along the same lines, the
class loader in the Doctrine namespace is not meant to be only used
for Doctrine classes, too. It is a generic class loader that can be
used for any classes that follow some basic naming standards as
described above.
The following example shows the setup of a ``ClassLoader`` for the
different types of Doctrine Installations:
.. note::
This assumes you've created some kind of script to test
the following code in. Something like a ``test.php`` file.
Tarball Download
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
.. code-block:: php
<?php
// test.php
require 'Doctrine/ORM/Tools/Setup.php';
$lib = "/path/to/doctrine2-orm/lib";
Doctrine\ORM\Tools\Setup::registerAutoloadDirectory($lib);
Additional Symfony Components
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
All three autoloading setups described above also take care of
the autoloading of the Symfony Console and YAML component,
which are optional dependencies for Doctrine 2.
Obtaining an EntityManager Obtaining an EntityManager
-------------------------- --------------------------
@ -79,16 +38,12 @@ Once you have prepared the class loading, you acquire an
*EntityManager* instance. The EntityManager class is the primary *EntityManager* instance. The EntityManager class is the primary
access point to ORM functionality provided by Doctrine. access point to ORM functionality provided by Doctrine.
Quick Configuration Example
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The above example is a complete setup of the required options for Doctrine.
You can have this step of your code much simpler and use one of the predefined
setup methods:
.. code-block:: php .. code-block:: php
<?php <?php
// bootstrap.php
require_once "vendor/autoload.php";
use Doctrine\ORM\Tools\Setup; use Doctrine\ORM\Tools\Setup;
use Doctrine\ORM\EntityManager; use Doctrine\ORM\EntityManager;
@ -104,456 +59,36 @@ setup methods:
); );
$config = Setup::createAnnotationMetadataConfiguration($paths, $isDevMode); $config = Setup::createAnnotationMetadataConfiguration($paths, $isDevMode);
$em = EntityManager::create($dbParams, $config); $entityManager = EntityManager::create($dbParams, $config);
// or if you prefer yaml or xml Or if you prefer XML:
.. code-block:: php
<?php
$config = Setup::createXMLMetadataConfiguration($paths, $isDevMode); $config = Setup::createXMLMetadataConfiguration($paths, $isDevMode);
$config = Setup::createYAMLMetadataConfiguration($paths, $isDevMode); $entityManager = EntityManager::create($dbParams, $config);
These setup commands make several assumptions: Or if you prefer YAML:
.. code-block:: php
<?php
$config = Setup::createYAMLMetadataConfiguration($paths, $isDevMode);
$entityManager = EntityManager::create($dbParams, $config);
Inside the ``Setup`` methods several assumptions are made:
- If `$devMode` is true always use an ``ArrayCache`` and set ``setAutoGenerateProxyClasses(true)``. - If `$devMode` is true always use an ``ArrayCache`` and set ``setAutoGenerateProxyClasses(true)``.
- If `$devMode` is false, check for Caches in the order APC, Xcache, Memcache (127.0.0.1:11211), Redis (127.0.0.1:6379) unless `$cache` is passed as fourth argument. - If `$devMode` is false, check for Caches in the order APC, Xcache, Memcache (127.0.0.1:11211), Redis (127.0.0.1:6379) unless `$cache` is passed as fourth argument.
- If `$devMode` is false, set ``setAutoGenerateProxyClasses(false)`` - If `$devMode` is false, set ``setAutoGenerateProxyClasses(false)``
- If third argument `$proxyDir` is not set, use the systems temporary directory. - If third argument `$proxyDir` is not set, use the systems temporary directory.
If you want to configure Doctrine in more detail, take a look at the `Advanced
Configuration <reference/advanced-configuration>` section.
.. note:: .. note::
You can learn more about the connection configuration in the You can learn more about the database connection configuration in the
`Doctrine DBAL connection configuration reference <http://docs.doctrine-project.org/projects/doctrine-dbal/en/latest/reference/configuration.html>`_. `Doctrine DBAL connection configuration reference <http://docs.doctrine-project.org/projects/doctrine-dbal/en/latest/reference/configuration.html>`_.
Full Configuration Example
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The configuration of the EntityManager requires a
``Doctrine\ORM\Configuration`` instance as well as some database
connection parameters. This example shows all the potential
steps of configuration.
.. code-block:: php
<?php
use Doctrine\ORM\EntityManager,
Doctrine\ORM\Configuration;
// ...
if ($applicationMode == "development") {
$cache = new \Doctrine\Common\Cache\ArrayCache;
} else {
$cache = new \Doctrine\Common\Cache\ApcCache;
}
$config = new Configuration;
$config->setMetadataCacheImpl($cache);
$driverImpl = $config->newDefaultAnnotationDriver('/path/to/lib/MyProject/Entities');
$config->setMetadataDriverImpl($driverImpl);
$config->setQueryCacheImpl($cache);
$config->setProxyDir('/path/to/myproject/lib/MyProject/Proxies');
$config->setProxyNamespace('MyProject\Proxies');
if ($applicationMode == "development") {
$config->setAutoGenerateProxyClasses(true);
} else {
$config->setAutoGenerateProxyClasses(false);
}
$connectionOptions = array(
'driver' => 'pdo_sqlite',
'path' => 'database.sqlite'
);
$em = EntityManager::create($connectionOptions, $config);
.. note::
Do not use Doctrine without a metadata and query cache!
Doctrine is optimized for working with caches. The main
parts in Doctrine that are optimized for caching are the metadata
mapping information with the metadata cache and the DQL to SQL
conversions with the query cache. These 2 caches require only an
absolute minimum of memory yet they heavily improve the runtime
performance of Doctrine. The recommended cache driver to use with
Doctrine is `APC <http://www.php.net/apc>`_. APC provides you with
an opcode-cache (which is highly recommended anyway) and a very
fast in-memory cache storage that you can use for the metadata and
query caches as seen in the previous code snippet.
Configuration Options
---------------------
The following sections describe all the configuration options
available on a ``Doctrine\ORM\Configuration`` instance.
Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. code-block:: php
<?php
$config->setProxyDir($dir);
$config->getProxyDir();
Gets or sets the directory where Doctrine generates any proxy
classes. For a detailed explanation on proxy classes and how they
are used in Doctrine, refer to the "Proxy Objects" section further
down.
Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. code-block:: php
<?php
$config->setProxyNamespace($namespace);
$config->getProxyNamespace();
Gets or sets the namespace to use for generated proxy classes. For
a detailed explanation on proxy classes and how they are used in
Doctrine, refer to the "Proxy Objects" section further down.
Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. code-block:: php
<?php
$config->setMetadataDriverImpl($driver);
$config->getMetadataDriverImpl();
Gets or sets the metadata driver implementation that is used by
Doctrine to acquire the object-relational metadata for your
classes.
There are currently 4 available implementations:
- ``Doctrine\ORM\Mapping\Driver\AnnotationDriver``
- ``Doctrine\ORM\Mapping\Driver\XmlDriver``
- ``Doctrine\ORM\Mapping\Driver\YamlDriver``
- ``Doctrine\ORM\Mapping\Driver\DriverChain``
Throughout the most part of this manual the AnnotationDriver is
used in the examples. For information on the usage of the XmlDriver
or YamlDriver please refer to the dedicated chapters
``XML Mapping`` and ``YAML Mapping``.
The annotation driver can be configured with a factory method on
the ``Doctrine\ORM\Configuration``:
.. code-block:: php
<?php
$driverImpl = $config->newDefaultAnnotationDriver('/path/to/lib/MyProject/Entities');
$config->setMetadataDriverImpl($driverImpl);
The path information to the entities is required for the annotation
driver, because otherwise mass-operations on all entities through
the console could not work correctly. All of metadata drivers
accept either a single directory as a string or an array of
directories. With this feature a single driver can support multiple
directories of Entities.
Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. code-block:: php
<?php
$config->setMetadataCacheImpl($cache);
$config->getMetadataCacheImpl();
Gets or sets the cache implementation to use for caching metadata
information, that is, all the information you supply via
annotations, xml or yaml, so that they do not need to be parsed and
loaded from scratch on every single request which is a waste of
resources. The cache implementation must implement the
``Doctrine\Common\Cache\Cache`` interface.
Usage of a metadata cache is highly recommended.
The recommended implementations for production are:
- ``Doctrine\Common\Cache\ApcCache``
- ``Doctrine\Common\Cache\MemcacheCache``
- ``Doctrine\Common\Cache\XcacheCache``
- ``Doctrine\Common\Cache\RedisCache``
For development you should use the
``Doctrine\Common\Cache\ArrayCache`` which only caches data on a
per-request basis.
Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. code-block:: php
<?php
$config->setQueryCacheImpl($cache);
$config->getQueryCacheImpl();
Gets or sets the cache implementation to use for caching DQL
queries, that is, the result of a DQL parsing process that includes
the final SQL as well as meta information about how to process the
SQL result set of a query. Note that the query cache does not
affect query results. You do not get stale data. This is a pure
optimization cache without any negative side-effects (except some
minimal memory usage in your cache).
Usage of a query cache is highly recommended.
The recommended implementations for production are:
- ``Doctrine\Common\Cache\ApcCache``
- ``Doctrine\Common\Cache\MemcacheCache``
- ``Doctrine\Common\Cache\XcacheCache``
- ``Doctrine\Common\Cache\RedisCache``
For development you should use the
``Doctrine\Common\Cache\ArrayCache`` which only caches data on a
per-request basis.
SQL Logger (***Optional***)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. code-block:: php
<?php
$config->setSQLLogger($logger);
$config->getSQLLogger();
Gets or sets the logger to use for logging all SQL statements
executed by Doctrine. The logger class must implement the
``Doctrine\DBAL\Logging\SQLLogger`` interface. A simple default
implementation that logs to the standard output using ``echo`` and
``var_dump`` can be found at
``Doctrine\DBAL\Logging\EchoSQLLogger``.
Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. code-block:: php
<?php
$config->setAutoGenerateProxyClasses($bool);
$config->getAutoGenerateProxyClasses();
Gets or sets whether proxy classes should be generated
automatically at runtime by Doctrine. If set to ``FALSE``, proxy
classes must be generated manually through the doctrine command
line task ``generate-proxies``. The strongly recommended value for
a production environment is ``FALSE``.
Development vs Production Configuration
---------------------------------------
You should code your Doctrine2 bootstrapping with two different
runtime models in mind. There are some serious benefits of using
APC or Memcache in production. In development however this will
frequently give you fatal errors, when you change your entities and
the cache still keeps the outdated metadata. That is why we
recommend the ``ArrayCache`` for development.
Furthermore you should have the Auto-generating Proxy Classes
option to true in development and to false in production. If this
option is set to ``TRUE`` it can seriously hurt your script
performance if several proxy classes are re-generated during script
execution. Filesystem calls of that magnitude can even slower than
all the database queries Doctrine issues. Additionally writing a
proxy sets an exclusive file lock which can cause serious
performance bottlenecks in systems with regular concurrent
requests.
Connection Options
------------------
The ``$connectionOptions`` passed as the first argument to
``EntityManager::create()`` has to be either an array or an
instance of ``Doctrine\DBAL\Connection``. If an array is passed it
is directly passed along to the DBAL Factory
``Doctrine\DBAL\DriverManager::getConnection()``. The DBAL
configuration is explained in the
`DBAL section <./../../../../../dbal/2.0/docs/reference/configuration/en>`_.
Proxy Objects
-------------
A proxy object is an object that is put in place or used instead of
the "real" object. A proxy object can add behavior to the object
being proxied without that object being aware of it. In Doctrine 2,
proxy objects are used to realize several features but mainly for
transparent lazy-loading.
Proxy objects with their lazy-loading facilities help to keep the
subset of objects that are already in memory connected to the rest
of the objects. This is an essential property as without it there
would always be fragile partial objects at the outer edges of your
object graph.
Doctrine 2 implements a variant of the proxy pattern where it
generates classes that extend your entity classes and adds
lazy-loading capabilities to them. Doctrine can then give you an
instance of such a proxy class whenever you request an object of
the class being proxied. This happens in two situations:
Reference Proxies
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The method ``EntityManager#getReference($entityName, $identifier)``
lets you obtain a reference to an entity for which the identifier
is known, without loading that entity from the database. This is
useful, for example, as a performance enhancement, when you want to
establish an association to an entity for which you have the
identifier. You could simply do this:
.. code-block:: php
<?php
// $em instanceof EntityManager, $cart instanceof MyProject\Model\Cart
// $itemId comes from somewhere, probably a request parameter
$item = $em->getReference('MyProject\Model\Item', $itemId);
$cart->addItem($item);
Here, we added an Item to a Cart without loading the Item from the
database. If you invoke any method on the Item instance, it would
fully initialize its state transparently from the database. Here
$item is actually an instance of the proxy class that was generated
for the Item class but your code does not need to care. In fact it
**should not care**. Proxy objects should be transparent to your
code.
Association proxies
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The second most important situation where Doctrine uses proxy
objects is when querying for objects. Whenever you query for an
object that has a single-valued association to another object that
is configured LAZY, without joining that association in the same
query, Doctrine puts proxy objects in place where normally the
associated object would be. Just like other proxies it will
transparently initialize itself on first access.
.. note::
Joining an association in a DQL or native query
essentially means eager loading of that association in that query.
This will override the 'fetch' option specified in the mapping for
that association, but only for that query.
Generating Proxy classes
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Proxy classes can either be generated manually through the Doctrine
Console or automatically by Doctrine. The configuration option that
controls this behavior is:
.. code-block:: php
<?php
$config->setAutoGenerateProxyClasses($bool);
$config->getAutoGenerateProxyClasses();
The default value is ``TRUE`` for convenient development. However,
this setting is not optimal for performance and therefore not
recommended for a production environment. To eliminate the overhead
of proxy class generation during runtime, set this configuration
option to ``FALSE``. When you do this in a development environment,
note that you may get class/file not found errors if certain proxy
classes are not available or failing lazy-loads if new methods were
added to the entity class that are not yet in the proxy class. In
such a case, simply use the Doctrine Console to (re)generate the
proxy classes like so:
.. code-block:: php
$ ./doctrine orm:generate-proxies
Autoloading Proxies
-------------------
When you deserialize proxy objects from the session or any other storage
it is necessary to have an autoloading mechanism in place for these classes.
For implementation reasons Proxy class names are not PSR-0 compliant. This
means that you have to register a special autoloader for these classes:
.. code-block:: php
<?php
use Doctrine\ORM\Proxy\Autoloader;
$proxyDir = "/path/to/proxies";
$proxyNamespace = "MyProxies";
Autoloader::register($proxyDir, $proxyNamespace);
If you want to execute additional logic to intercept the proxy file not found
state you can pass a closure as the third argument. It will be called with
the arguments proxydir, namespace and className when the proxy file could not
be found.
Multiple Metadata Sources
-------------------------
When using different components using Doctrine 2 you may end up
with them using two different metadata drivers, for example XML and
YAML. You can use the DriverChain Metadata implementations to
aggregate these drivers based on namespaces:
.. code-block:: php
<?php
use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping\Driver\DriverChain;
$chain = new DriverChain();
$chain->addDriver($xmlDriver, 'Doctrine\Tests\Models\Company');
$chain->addDriver($yamlDriver, 'Doctrine\Tests\ORM\Mapping');
Based on the namespace of the entity the loading of entities is
delegated to the appropriate driver. The chain semantics come from
the fact that the driver loops through all namespaces and matches
the entity class name against the namespace using a
``strpos() === 0`` call. This means you need to order the drivers
correctly if sub-namespaces use different metadata driver
implementations.
Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)
-----------------------------------
Specifies the FQCN of a subclass of the EntityRepository.
That will be available for all entities without a custom repository class.
.. code-block:: php
<?php
$config->setDefaultRepositoryClassName($fqcn);
$config->getDefaultRepositoryClassName();
The default value is ``Doctrine\ORM\EntityRepository``.
Any repository class must be a subclass of EntityRepository otherwise you got an ORMException
Setting up the Console
----------------------
Doctrine uses the Symfony Console component for generating the command
line interface. You can take a look at the ``bin/doctrine.php``
script and the ``Doctrine\ORM\Tools\Console\ConsoleRunner`` command
for inspiration how to setup the cli.
If you installed Doctrine 2 through Composer, then the Doctrine command is
available to you in the bin-dir, by default at ``vendor/bin/doctrine-orm``.
In general the required code looks like this:
.. code-block:: php
<?php
$cli = new Application('Doctrine Command Line Interface', \Doctrine\ORM\Version::VERSION);
$cli->setCatchExceptions(true);
$cli->setHelperSet($helperSet);
Doctrine\ORM\Tools\Console\ConsoleRunner::addCommands($cli);
$cli->run();

17
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View File

@ -1,18 +1,5 @@
Installation Installation
============ ============
Doctrine was installable in many different ways, however `Composer <http://www.getcomposer.org>`_ turned out to be one of the best things for PHP in a long time. The installation chapter has moved to `Installation and Configuration
This is why we moved all installation to use Composer only. <reference/configuration>`_.
Define the following requirement in your ``composer.json`` file:
::
{
"require": {
"doctrine/orm": "*"
}
}
Then run the composer command and you are done. Continue with the
:doc:`Configuration <configuration>`.

296
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View File

@ -1,296 +0,0 @@
Doctrine explained in 10 quick steps
====================================
You can follow this tutorial step by step yourself and end up with a simple
Doctrine application. It assumed that you installed Doctrine via Composer.
For more information take a look at the :doc:`Installation help
<../reference/introduction>`.
1. Allows you to map PHP Objects to database tables
---------------------------------------------------
.. code-block:: php
<?php
class Post
{
protected $id;
protected $title;
protected $body;
}
::
mysql> CREATE TABLE Post (id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, title
VARCHAR(255), body TEXT);
mysql> DESCRIBE Post;
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| title | varchar(255) | YES | | NULL | |
| body | text | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
.. tip::
Objects mapped with Doctrine are called Entities. They don't need to extend
a base class and even allow constructors with required parameters.
You are responsible for implementing getters, setters and constructors of
your entities yourself. This gives you full freedom to design your business
objects as you wish.
2. Using Annotations, XML or YAML for Metadata Mapping
------------------------------------------------------
.. configuration-block::
.. code-block:: php
<?php
/** @Entity **/
class Post
{
/** @Id @GeneratedValue @Column(type="integer") **/
protected $id;
/** @Column(type="string") **/
protected $title;
/** @Column(type="text") **/
protected $body;
}
.. code-block:: yaml
Post:
type: entity
id:
id:
type: integer
generator:
strategy: AUTO
fields:
title:
type: string
body:
type: text
.. code-block:: xml
<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<doctrine-mapping>
<entity name="Post">
<id name="id type="integer">
<generator strategy="AUTO" />
</id>
<field name="title" type="string" />
<field name="body" type="text" />
</entity>
</doctrine-mapping>
3. Object References map to Foreign keys
----------------------------------------
.. code-block:: php
<?php
/** @Entity **/
class Post
{
// .. previous code
/**
* @ManyToOne(targetEntity="User")
**/
protected $author;
public function __construct(User $user)
{
$this->author = $user;
}
}
/** @Entity **/
class User
{
/** @Id @GeneratedValue @Column(type="integer") **/
protected $id;
/** @Column(type="string") **/
protected $name;
}
$user = new User();
$post = new Post($user);
::
mysql> CREATE TABLE Post (id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, title
VARCHAR(255), body TEXT, author_id INT);
mysql> CREATE TABLE User (id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, name
VARCHAR(255));
mysql> ALTER TABLE Post ADD FOREIGN KEY (author_id) REFERENCES User (id);
mysql> DESCRIBE Post;
+-----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| title | varchar(255) | YES | | NULL | |
| body | text | YES | | NULL | |
| author_id | int(11) | YES | MUL | NULL | |
+-----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
.. tip::
This means you don't have to mess with foreign keys yourself, just use
references to connect objects with each other and let Doctrine handle the
rest.
4. Collections handle sets of objects references
------------------------------------------------
.. code-block:: php
<?php
use Doctrine\Common\Collections\ArrayCollection;
class Post
{
// .. previous code
/**
* @OneToMany(targetEntity="Comment", mappedBy="post",
* cascade={"persist"})
**/
protected $comments;
public function __construct(User $author)
{
$this->author = $author;
$this->comments = new ArrayCollection();
}
public function addComment($text)
{
$this->comments[] = new Comment($this, $text);
}
}
/** @Entity **/
class Comment
{
/** @Id @GeneratedValue @Column(type="integer") **/
protected $id;
/** @Column(type="text") **/
protected $comment;
/**
* @ManyToOne(targetEntity="Post", inversedBy="comments")
**/
protected $post;
public function __construct(Post $post, $text)
{
$this->post = $post;
$this->comment = $text;
}
}
$post->addComment("First..");
$post->addComment("Second!");
5. Easy to setup for the default configuration case
---------------------------------------------------
.. code-block:: php
<?php
use Doctrine\ORM\Tools\Setup;
use Doctrine\ORM\EntityManager;
require_once "vendor/autoload.php";
$dbParams = array(
'driver' => 'pdo_mysql',
'user' => 'root',
'password' => '',
'dbname' => 'tests'
);
$path = 'path/to/entities';
$config = Setup::createAnnotationMetadataConfiguration($path, true);
$entityManager = EntityManager::create($dbParams, $config);
6. The EntityManager needs to know about your new objects
---------------------------------------------------------
.. code-block:: php
<?php
$entityManager->persist($user);
$entityManager->persist($post);
.. warning::
This does not lead to INSERT/UPDATE statements yet. You need to call
EntityManager#flush()
7. EntityManager#flush() batches SQL INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE statements
--------------------------------------------------------------------
.. code-block:: php
<?php
$entityManager->flush();
.. tip::
Batching all write-operations against the database allows Doctrine to wrap all
statements into a single transaction and benefit from other performance
optimizations such as prepared statement re-use.
8. You can fetch objects from the database through the EntityManager
--------------------------------------------------------------------
.. code-block:: php
<?php
$post = $entityManager->find("Post", $id);
9. ..or through a Repository
----------------------------
.. code-block:: php
<?php
$authorRepository = $entityManager->getRepository("Author");
$author = $authorRepository->find($authorId);
$postRepository = $entityManager->getRepository("Post");
$post = $postRepository->findOneBy(array("title" => "Hello World!"));
$posts = $repository->findBy(
array("author" => $author),
array("title" => "ASC")
);
10. Or complex finder scenarios with the Doctrine Query Language
----------------------------------------------------------------
.. code-block:: php
<?php
// all posts and their comment count
$dql = "SELECT p, count(c.id) AS comments " .
"FROM Post p JOIN p.comments GROUP BY p";
$results = $entityManager->createQuery($dql)->getResult();