diff --git a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Connection.php b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Connection.php
index e3b01d438..2e6630e47 100644
--- a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Connection.php
+++ b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Connection.php
@@ -746,8 +746,9 @@ class Connection
         if ($this->_transactionNestingLevel == 1) {
             $this->_transactionNestingLevel = 0;
             $this->_conn->rollback();
+        } else {
+            --$this->_transactionNestingLevel;
         }
-        --$this->_transactionNestingLevel;
 
         return true;
     }
diff --git a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Platforms/AbstractPlatform.php b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Platforms/AbstractPlatform.php
index bf0faebb9..15600cefc 100644
--- a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Platforms/AbstractPlatform.php
+++ b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Platforms/AbstractPlatform.php
@@ -850,7 +850,7 @@ abstract class AbstractPlatform
         $default = empty($field['notnull']) ? ' DEFAULT NULL' : '';
 
         if (isset($field['default'])) {
-            $default = ' DEFAULT ' . $this->quote($field['default'], $field['type']);
+            $default = ' DEFAULT ' . $this->quoteIdentifier($field['default'], $field['type']);
         }
         return $default;
     }
diff --git a/lib/Doctrine/ORM/EntityManager.php b/lib/Doctrine/ORM/EntityManager.php
index 94037a3f0..554e17d7e 100644
--- a/lib/Doctrine/ORM/EntityManager.php
+++ b/lib/Doctrine/ORM/EntityManager.php
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ class EntityManager
         if ($this->_flushMode == self::FLUSHMODE_AUTO || $this->_flushMode == self::FLUSHMODE_COMMIT) {
             $this->flush();
         }
-        $this->_conn->commitTransaction();
+        $this->_conn->commit();
     }
     
     /**
diff --git a/lib/Doctrine/ORM/Events.php b/lib/Doctrine/ORM/Events.php
index 2668671fc..0f2a732e4 100644
--- a/lib/Doctrine/ORM/Events.php
+++ b/lib/Doctrine/ORM/Events.php
@@ -35,8 +35,8 @@ final class Events
 
     const preDelete = 'preDelete';
     const postDelete = 'postDelete';
-    const preInsert = 'preSave';
-    const postInsert = 'postSave';
+    const preInsert = 'preInsert';
+    const postInsert = 'postInsert';
     const preUpdate = 'preUpdate';
     const postUpdate = 'postUpdate';
     const load = 'load';
diff --git a/lib/Doctrine/ORM/Mapping/ClassMetadata.php b/lib/Doctrine/ORM/Mapping/ClassMetadata.php
index 826feb336..c95045e05 100644
--- a/lib/Doctrine/ORM/Mapping/ClassMetadata.php
+++ b/lib/Doctrine/ORM/Mapping/ClassMetadata.php
@@ -397,6 +397,20 @@ final class ClassMetadata
      */
     public $inheritedAssociationFields = array();
 
+    /**
+     * A flag for whether or not the model is to be versioned with optimistic locking
+     *
+     * @var boolean $isVersioned
+     */
+    public $isVersioned;
+
+    /**
+     * The name of the field which stores the version information
+     *
+     * @var mixed $versionField
+     */
+    public $versionField;
+
     /**
      * Initializes a new ClassMetadata instance that will hold the object-relational mapping
      * metadata of the class with the given name.
@@ -1758,6 +1772,24 @@ final class ClassMetadata
         $this->sequenceGeneratorDefinition = $definition;
     }
 
+    public function isVersioned($bool = null)
+    {
+        if ( ! is_null($bool)) {
+            $this->isVersioned = $bool;
+        }
+        return $this->isVersioned;
+    }
+
+    public function getVersionField()
+    {
+        return $this->versionField;
+    }
+
+    public function setVersionField($versionField)
+    {
+        $this->versionField = $versionField;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Creates a string representation of this instance.
      *
diff --git a/lib/Doctrine/ORM/Mapping/ClassMetadataFactory.php b/lib/Doctrine/ORM/Mapping/ClassMetadataFactory.php
index 4290fdddc..ac3ea681c 100644
--- a/lib/Doctrine/ORM/Mapping/ClassMetadataFactory.php
+++ b/lib/Doctrine/ORM/Mapping/ClassMetadataFactory.php
@@ -162,6 +162,8 @@ class ClassMetadataFactory
                 $this->_addInheritedFields($class, $parent);
                 $this->_addInheritedRelations($class, $parent);
                 $class->setIdentifier($parent->identifier);
+                $class->isVersioned($parent->isVersioned);
+                $class->setVersionField($parent->versionField);
             }
             
             // Invoke driver
@@ -259,13 +261,18 @@ class ClassMetadataFactory
      */
     private function _generateStaticSql($class)
     {
+        if ($versioned = $class->isVersioned()) {
+            $versionField = $class->getVersionField();
+        }
+
         // Generate INSERT SQL
         $columns = $values = array();
         if ($class->inheritanceType == ClassMetadata::INHERITANCE_TYPE_JOINED) {
             // Generate INSERT SQL for inheritance type JOINED
             foreach ($class->reflFields as $name => $field) {
                 if (isset($class->fieldMappings[$name]['inherited']) && ! isset($class->fieldMappings[$name]['id'])
-                        || isset($class->inheritedAssociationFields[$name])) {
+                        || isset($class->inheritedAssociationFields[$name])
+                        || ($versioned && $versionField == $name)) {
                     continue;
                 }
 
@@ -285,6 +292,9 @@ class ClassMetadataFactory
         } else {
             // Generate INSERT SQL for inheritance types NONE, SINGLE_TABLE, TABLE_PER_CLASS
             foreach ($class->reflFields as $name => $field) {
+                if ($versioned && $versionField == $name) {
+                    continue;
+                }
                 if (isset($class->associationMappings[$name])) {
                     $assoc = $class->associationMappings[$name];
                     if ($assoc->isOwningSide && $assoc->isOneToOne()) {
diff --git a/lib/Doctrine/ORM/Mapping/Driver/AnnotationDriver.php b/lib/Doctrine/ORM/Mapping/Driver/AnnotationDriver.php
index 041c83c21..bed4aff56 100644
--- a/lib/Doctrine/ORM/Mapping/Driver/AnnotationDriver.php
+++ b/lib/Doctrine/ORM/Mapping/Driver/AnnotationDriver.php
@@ -144,6 +144,9 @@ class AnnotationDriver implements Driver
                 $mapping['type'] = $columnAnnot->type;
                 $mapping['length'] = $columnAnnot->length;
                 $mapping['nullable'] = $columnAnnot->nullable;
+                if (isset($columnAnnot->default)) {
+                    $mapping['default'] = $columnAnnot->default;
+                }
                 if (isset($columnAnnot->name)) {
                     $mapping['columnName'] = $columnAnnot->name;
                 }
@@ -153,6 +156,17 @@ class AnnotationDriver implements Driver
                 if ($generatedValueAnnot = $this->_reader->getPropertyAnnotation($property, 'Doctrine\ORM\Mapping\GeneratedValue')) {
                     $metadata->setIdGeneratorType(constant('Doctrine\ORM\Mapping\ClassMetadata::GENERATOR_TYPE_' . $generatedValueAnnot->strategy));
                 }
+                if ($versionAnnot = $this->_reader->getPropertyAnnotation($property, 'Doctrine\ORM\Mapping\Version')) {
+                    $metadata->isVersioned(true);
+                    $metadata->setVersionField($mapping['fieldName']);
+
+                    if ( ! isset($mapping['default'])) {
+                        // TODO: When we have timestamp optimistic locking
+                        // we'll have to figure out a better way to do this?
+                        // Can we set the default value to be NOW() ?
+                        $mapping['default'] = 1;
+                    }
+                }
                 $metadata->mapField($mapping);
 
                 // Check for SequenceGenerator/TableGenerator definition
@@ -165,7 +179,6 @@ class AnnotationDriver implements Driver
                 } else if ($tblGeneratorAnnot = $this->_reader->getPropertyAnnotation($property, 'Doctrine\ORM\Mapping\TableGenerator')) {
                     throw new DoctrineException("DoctrineTableGenerator not yet implemented.");
                 }
-                
             } else if ($oneToOneAnnot = $this->_reader->getPropertyAnnotation($property, 'Doctrine\ORM\Mapping\OneToOne')) {
                 $mapping['targetEntity'] = $oneToOneAnnot->targetEntity;
                 $mapping['joinColumns'] = $joinColumns;
diff --git a/lib/Doctrine/ORM/Mapping/Driver/DoctrineAnnotations.php b/lib/Doctrine/ORM/Mapping/Driver/DoctrineAnnotations.php
index bdc49c5a5..288a06ff4 100644
--- a/lib/Doctrine/ORM/Mapping/Driver/DoctrineAnnotations.php
+++ b/lib/Doctrine/ORM/Mapping/Driver/DoctrineAnnotations.php
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ final class Column extends \Doctrine\Common\Annotations\Annotation {
     public $length;
     public $unique = false;
     public $nullable = false;
+    public $default;
     public $name;
 }
 final class OneToOne extends \Doctrine\Common\Annotations\Annotation {
@@ -95,10 +96,9 @@ final class JoinTable extends \Doctrine\Common\Annotations\Annotation {
     public $inverseJoinColumns;
 }
 final class SequenceGenerator extends \Doctrine\Common\Annotations\Annotation {
-    //public $name;
     public $sequenceName;
     public $allocationSize = 10;
     public $initialValue = 1;
 }
 final class ChangeTrackingPolicy extends \Doctrine\Common\Annotations\Annotation {}
-final class DoctrineX extends \Doctrine\Common\Annotations\Annotation {}
+final class DoctrineX extends \Doctrine\Common\Annotations\Annotation {}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/lib/Doctrine/ORM/OptimisticLockException.php b/lib/Doctrine/ORM/OptimisticLockException.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..486196f21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/Doctrine/ORM/OptimisticLockException.php
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+<?php
+/*
+ *  $Id$
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+ * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+ * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+ * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+ * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+ * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+ * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ *
+ * This software consists of voluntary contributions made by many individuals
+ * and is licensed under the LGPL. For more information, see
+ * <http://www.doctrine-project.org>.
+ */
+
+namespace Doctrine\ORM;
+
+/**
+ * EntityManagerException
+ *
+ * @author      Konsta Vesterinen <kvesteri@cc.hut.fi>
+ * @author      Roman Borschel <roman@code-factory.org>
+ * @license     http://www.opensource.org/licenses/lgpl-license.php LGPL
+ * @link        www.doctrine-project.org
+ * @since       2.0
+ * @version     $Revision$
+ */
+class OptimisticLockException extends \Doctrine\Common\DoctrineException
+{}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/lib/Doctrine/ORM/Persisters/JoinedSubclassPersister.php b/lib/Doctrine/ORM/Persisters/JoinedSubclassPersister.php
index d108c1a24..c98f1bb77 100644
--- a/lib/Doctrine/ORM/Persisters/JoinedSubclassPersister.php
+++ b/lib/Doctrine/ORM/Persisters/JoinedSubclassPersister.php
@@ -94,6 +94,15 @@ class JoinedSubclassPersister extends StandardEntityPersister
             return;
         }
 
+        if ($isVersioned = $this->_class->isVersioned) {
+            if (isset($this->_class->fieldMappings[$this->_class->versionField]['inherited'])) {
+                $definingClassName = $this->_class->fieldMappings[$this->_class->versionField]['inherited'];
+                $versionedClass = $this->_em->getClassMetadata($definingClassName);
+            } else {
+                $versionedClass = $this->_class;
+            }
+        }
+
         $postInsertIds = array();
         $idGen = $this->_class->idGenerator;
         $isPostInsertId = $idGen->isPostInsertGenerator();
@@ -170,6 +179,10 @@ class JoinedSubclassPersister extends StandardEntityPersister
         foreach ($stmts as $stmt)
         $stmt->closeCursor();
 
+        if ($isVersioned) {
+            $this->_assignDefaultVersionValue($versionedClass, $entity, $id);
+        }
+
         $this->_queuedInserts = array();
 
         return $postInsertIds;
@@ -192,7 +205,7 @@ class JoinedSubclassPersister extends StandardEntityPersister
         );
 
         foreach ($updateData as $tableName => $data) {
-            $this->_conn->update($tableName, $updateData[$tableName], $id);
+            $this->_doUpdate($entity, $tableName, $updateData[$tableName], $id);
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/lib/Doctrine/ORM/Persisters/StandardEntityPersister.php b/lib/Doctrine/ORM/Persisters/StandardEntityPersister.php
index 618937edf..eb0469363 100644
--- a/lib/Doctrine/ORM/Persisters/StandardEntityPersister.php
+++ b/lib/Doctrine/ORM/Persisters/StandardEntityPersister.php
@@ -122,6 +122,8 @@ class StandardEntityPersister
             return;
         }
 
+        $isVersioned = $this->_class->isVersioned;
+
         $postInsertIds = array();
         $idGen = $this->_class->idGenerator;
         $isPostInsertId = $idGen->isPostInsertGenerator();
@@ -159,7 +161,14 @@ class StandardEntityPersister
             $stmt->execute();
 
             if ($isPostInsertId) {
-                $postInsertIds[$idGen->generate($this->_em, $entity)] = $entity;
+                $id = $idGen->generate($this->_em, $entity);
+                $postInsertIds[$id] = $entity;
+            } else {
+                $id = $this->_class->getIdentifierValues($entity);
+            }
+
+            if ($isVersioned) {
+                $this->_assignDefaultVersionValue($this->_class, $entity, $id);
             }
 
             if ($hasPostInsertListeners) {
@@ -173,6 +182,18 @@ class StandardEntityPersister
         return $postInsertIds;
     }
 
+    protected function _assignDefaultVersionValue($class, $entity, $id)
+    {
+        $versionField = $this->_class->getVersionField();
+        $identifier = $this->_class->getIdentifierColumnNames();
+        $versionFieldColumnName = $this->_class->getColumnName($versionField);
+
+        $sql = "SELECT " . $versionFieldColumnName . " FROM " . $class->primaryTable['name'] .
+               " WHERE " . implode(' = ? AND ', $identifier) . " = ?";
+        $value = $this->_conn->fetchColumn($sql, (array) $id);
+        $this->_class->setFieldValue($entity, $versionField, $value[0]);
+    }
+
     /**
      * Updates an entity.
      *
@@ -192,13 +213,44 @@ class StandardEntityPersister
             $this->_preUpdate($entity);
         }
 
-        $this->_conn->update($tableName, $updateData[$tableName], $id);
+        if (isset($updateData[$tableName]) && $updateData[$tableName]) {
+            $this->_doUpdate($entity, $tableName, $updateData[$tableName], $id);
+        }
 
         if ($this->_evm->hasListeners(Events::postUpdate)) {
             $this->_postUpdate($entity);
         }
     }
 
+    protected function _doUpdate($entity, $tableName, $data, $where)
+    {
+        $set = array();
+        foreach ($data as $columnName => $value) {
+            $set[] = $this->_conn->quoteIdentifier($columnName) . ' = ?';
+        }
+
+        if ($versioned = $this->_class->isVersioned()) {
+            $versionField = $this->_class->getVersionField();
+            $identifier = $this->_class->getIdentifier();
+            $versionFieldColumnName = $this->_class->getColumnName($versionField);
+            $where[$versionFieldColumnName] = $entity->version;
+            $set[] = $this->_conn->quoteIdentifier($versionFieldColumnName) . ' = ' .
+                     $this->_conn->quoteIdentifier($versionFieldColumnName) . ' + 1';
+        }
+        $params = array_merge(array_values($data), array_values($where));
+
+        $sql  = 'UPDATE ' . $this->_conn->quoteIdentifier($tableName)
+                . ' SET ' . implode(', ', $set)
+                . ' WHERE ' . implode(' = ? AND ', array_keys($where))
+                . ' = ?';
+
+        $result = $this->_conn->exec($sql, $params);
+
+        if ($versioned && ! $result) {
+            throw \Doctrine\ORM\OptimisticLockException::optimisticLockFailed();
+        }
+    }
+
     /**
      * Deletes an entity.
      *
@@ -269,7 +321,14 @@ class StandardEntityPersister
         $platform = $this->_conn->getDatabasePlatform();
         $uow = $this->_em->getUnitOfWork();
 
+        if ($versioned = $this->_class->isVersioned()) {
+            $versionField = $this->_class->getVersionField();
+        }
+
         foreach ($uow->getEntityChangeSet($entity) as $field => $change) {
+            if ($versioned && $versionField == $field) {
+                continue;
+            }
             $oldVal = $change[0];
             $newVal = $change[1];
 
diff --git a/lib/Doctrine/ORM/Tools/SchemaTool.php b/lib/Doctrine/ORM/Tools/SchemaTool.php
index 510e8459a..df29ad859 100644
--- a/lib/Doctrine/ORM/Tools/SchemaTool.php
+++ b/lib/Doctrine/ORM/Tools/SchemaTool.php
@@ -207,6 +207,9 @@ class SchemaTool
         $column['type'] = Type::getType($mapping['type']);
         $column['length'] = $mapping['length'];
         $column['notnull'] = ! $mapping['nullable'];
+        if (isset($mapping['default'])) {
+            $column['default'] = $mapping['default'];
+        }
         if ($class->isIdentifier($mapping['fieldName'])) {
             $column['primary'] = true;
             $options['primary'][] = $mapping['columnName'];
diff --git a/tests/Doctrine/Tests/ORM/AllTests.php b/tests/Doctrine/Tests/ORM/AllTests.php
index 7285051c7..7384e6fa2 100644
--- a/tests/Doctrine/Tests/ORM/AllTests.php
+++ b/tests/Doctrine/Tests/ORM/AllTests.php
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ class AllTests
         $suite->addTest(Mapping\AllTests::suite());
         $suite->addTest(Functional\AllTests::suite());
         $suite->addTest(Id\AllTests::suite());
+        $suite->addTest(Locking\AllTests::suite());
 
         return $suite;
     }
diff --git a/tests/Doctrine/Tests/ORM/Locking/AllTests.php b/tests/Doctrine/Tests/ORM/Locking/AllTests.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6a497e4dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Doctrine/Tests/ORM/Locking/AllTests.php
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Doctrine\Tests\ORM\Locking;
+
+if (!defined('PHPUnit_MAIN_METHOD')) {
+    define('PHPUnit_MAIN_METHOD', 'Orm_Locking_AllTests::main');
+}
+
+require_once __DIR__ . '/../../TestInit.php';
+
+class AllTests
+{
+    public static function main()
+    {
+        \PHPUnit_TextUI_TestRunner::run(self::suite());
+    }
+
+    public static function suite()
+    {
+        $suite = new \Doctrine\Tests\DoctrineTestSuite('Doctrine Orm Locking');
+
+        $suite->addTestSuite('Doctrine\Tests\ORM\Locking\OptimisticTest');
+
+        return $suite;
+    }
+}
+
+if (PHPUnit_MAIN_METHOD == 'Orm_Locking_AllTests::main') {
+    AllTests::main();
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/Doctrine/Tests/ORM/Locking/OptimisticTest.php b/tests/Doctrine/Tests/ORM/Locking/OptimisticTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cb91c2c3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Doctrine/Tests/ORM/Locking/OptimisticTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Doctrine\Tests\ORM\Locking;
+
+use Doctrine\ORM\Locking;
+
+use Doctrine\Tests\Mocks\MetadataDriverMock;
+use Doctrine\Tests\Mocks\DatabasePlatformMock;
+use Doctrine\Tests\Mocks\EntityManagerMock;
+use Doctrine\Tests\Mocks\ConnectionMock;
+use Doctrine\Tests\Mocks\DriverMock;
+use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping\ClassMetadata;
+use Doctrine\Common\EventManager;
+use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping\ClassMetadataFactory;
+use Doctrine\Tests\TestUtil;
+
+require_once __DIR__ . '/../../TestInit.php';
+
+class OptimisticTest extends \Doctrine\Tests\OrmFunctionalTestCase
+{
+    protected function setUp()
+    {
+        parent::setUp();
+
+        try {
+            $this->_schemaTool->createSchema(array(
+                $this->_em->getClassMetadata('Doctrine\Tests\ORM\Locking\OptimisticJoinedParent'),
+                $this->_em->getClassMetadata('Doctrine\Tests\ORM\Locking\OptimisticJoinedChild'),
+                $this->_em->getClassMetadata('Doctrine\Tests\ORM\Locking\OptimisticStandard')
+            ));
+        } catch (\Exception $e) {
+            // Swallow all exceptions. We do not test the schema tool here.
+        }
+        $this->_conn = $this->_em->getConnection();
+    }
+
+    public function testJoinedInsertSetsInitialVersionValue()
+    {
+        $test = new OptimisticJoinedParent();
+        $test->name = 'test';
+        $this->_em->save($test);
+        $this->_em->flush();
+
+        $this->assertEquals(1, $test->version);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException Doctrine\ORM\OptimisticLockException
+     */
+    public function testJoinedFailureThrowsException()
+    {
+        $q = $this->_em->createQuery('SELECT t FROM Doctrine\Tests\ORM\Locking\OptimisticJoinedParent t WHERE t.name = :name');
+        $q->setParameter('name', 'test');
+        $test = $q->getSingleResult();
+
+        // Manually update/increment the version so we can try and save the same
+        // $test and make sure the exception is thrown saying the record was 
+        // changed or updated since you read it
+        $this->_conn->execute('UPDATE optimistic_joined_parent SET version = ? WHERE id = ?', array(2, $test->id));
+
+        // Now lets change a property and try and save it again
+        $test->name = 'WHATT???';
+        $this->_em->flush();
+    }
+
+    public function testStandardInsertSetsInitialVersionValue()
+    {
+        $test = new OptimisticStandard();
+        $test->name = 'test';
+        $this->_em->save($test);
+        $this->_em->flush();
+
+        $this->assertEquals(1, $test->version);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @expectedException Doctrine\ORM\OptimisticLockException
+     */
+    public function testStandardFailureThrowsException()
+    {
+        $q = $this->_em->createQuery('SELECT t FROM Doctrine\Tests\ORM\Locking\OptimisticStandard t WHERE t.name = :name');
+        $q->setParameter('name', 'test');
+        $test = $q->getSingleResult();
+
+        // Manually update/increment the version so we can try and save the same
+        // $test and make sure the exception is thrown saying the record was 
+        // changed or updated since you read it
+        $this->_conn->execute('UPDATE optimistic_standard SET version = ? WHERE id = ?', array(2, $test->id));
+
+        // Now lets change a property and try and save it again
+        $test->name = 'WHATT???';
+        $this->_em->flush();
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @Entity
+ * @Table(name="optimistic_joined_parent")
+ * @DiscriminatorValue("parent")
+ * @InheritanceType("JOINED")
+ * @DiscriminatorColumn(name="discr", type="string")
+ * @SubClasses({"Doctrine\Tests\ORM\Locking\OptimisticJoinedChild"})
+ */
+class OptimisticJoinedParent
+{
+    /**
+     * @Id @Column(type="integer")
+     * @GeneratedValue(strategy="AUTO")
+     */
+    public $id;
+
+    /**
+     * @Column(type="string", length=255)
+     */
+    public $name;
+
+    /**
+     * @Version @Column(type="integer")
+     */
+    public $version;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @Entity
+ * @Table(name="optimistic_joined_child")
+ * @DiscriminatorValue("child")
+ */
+class OptimisticJoinedChild extends OptimisticJoinedParent
+{
+    /**
+     * @Column(type="string", length=255)
+     */
+    public $name;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @Entity
+ * @Table(name="optimistic_standard")
+ */
+class OptimisticStandard
+{
+    /**
+     * @Id @Column(type="integer")
+     * @GeneratedValue(strategy="AUTO")
+     */
+    public $id;
+
+    /**
+     * @Column(type="string", length=255)
+     */
+    public $name;
+
+    /**
+     * @Version @Column(type="integer")
+     */
+    public $version;
+}
\ No newline at end of file