doctrine2/draft/query-language.txt

/* Context-free grammar for Doctrine Query Language
 *
 * Document syntax:
 *  - non-terminals begin with an upper case character
 *  - terminals begin with a lower case character
 *  - parentheses (...) are used for grouping
 *  - square brackets [...] are used for defining an optional part, eg. zero or
 *    one time time
 *  - curly brackets {...} are used for repetion, eg. zero or more times
 *  - double quotation marks "..." define a terminal string
 *  - a vertical bar represents an alternative
 */

QueryLanguage   = SelectStatement | UpdateStatement | DeleteStatement

SelectStatement = [SelectClause] FromClause [WhereClause] [GroupByClause] [HavingClause] [OrderByClause] [LimitClause]
UpdateStatement = UpdateClause [WhereClause] [OrderByClause] [LimitClause]
DeleteStatement = DeleteClause [WhereClause] [OrderByClause] [LimitClause]

Subselect       = SimpleSelectClause FromClause [WhereClause] [GroupByClause] [HavingClause] [OrderByClause] [LimitClause] [OffsetClause]
SelectClause    = "SELECT" ["ALL" | "DISTINCT"] SelectExpression {"," SelectExpression}
SimpleSelectClause = "SELECT" ["ALL" | "DISTINCT"] SelectExpression
DeleteClause    = "DELETE" "FROM" RangeVariableDeclaration
WhereClause     = "WHERE" ConditionalExpression
FromClause      = "FROM" IdentificationVariableDeclaration {"," IdentificationVariableDeclaration}
HavingClause    = "HAVING" ConditionalExpression
GroupByClause   = "GROUP" "BY" GroupByItem {"," GroupByItem}
OrderByClause   = "ORDER" "BY" OrderByItem {"," OrderByItem}
LimitClause     = "LIMIT" Expression ["OFFSET" Expression]
UpdateClause    = "UPDATE" RangeVariableDeclaration "SET" UpdateItem {"," UpdateItem}

OrderByItem = Expression ["ASC" | "DESC"]
GroupByItem = PathExpression
UpdateItem = PathExpression "=" (Expression | "NULL")

IdentificationVariableDeclaration = RangeVariableDeclaration {Join}
RangeVariableDeclaration = PathExpression [["AS"] IdentificationVariable]

Join = ["LEFT" | "INNER"] "JOIN" RangeVariableDeclaration [("ON" | "WITH") ConditionalExpression] [IndexBy]
IndexBy = "INDEX" "BY" PathExpression

ConditionalExpression = ConditionalTerm {"OR" ConditionalTerm}
ConditionalTerm       = ConditionalFactor {"AND" ConditionalFactor}
ConditionalFactor     = ["NOT"] ConditionalPrimary
ConditionalPrimary    = SimpleConditionalExpression | "(" ConditionalExpression ")"
SimpleConditionalExpression
                      = Expression (ComparisonExpression | BetweenExpression | LikeExpression
                      | InExpression | NullComparisonExpression) | ExistsExpression

Atom = string_literal | numeric_constant | input_parameter

Expression = Term {("+" | "-") Term}
Term       = Factor {("*" | "/") Factor}
Factor     = [("+" | "-")] Primary
Primary    = PathExpression | Atom | "(" Expression ")" | Function | AggregateExpression

SelectExpression  = (PathExpressionEndingWithAsterisk | Expression | "(" Subselect ")" ) [["AS"] IdentificationVariable]
PathExpression = identifier {"." identifier}
PathExpressionEndingWithAsterisk = {identifier "."} "*"

AggregateExpression = ("AVG" | "MAX" | "MIN" | "SUM") "(" ["DISTINCT"] Expression ")"
                    | "COUNT" "(" ["DISTINCT"] (Expression | "*") ")"

QuantifiedExpression     = ("ALL" | "ANY" | "SOME") "(" Subselect ")"
BetweenExpression        = ["NOT"] "BETWEEN" Expression "AND" Expression
ComparisonExpression     = ComparisonOperator ( QuantifiedExpression | Expression | "(" Subselect ")" )
InExpression             = ["NOT"] "IN" "(" (Atom {"," Atom} | Subselect) ")"
LikeExpression           = ["NOT"] "LIKE" Expression ["ESCAPE" string_literal]
NullComparisonExpression = "IS" ["NOT"] "NULL"
ExistsExpression         = ["NOT"] "EXISTS" "(" Subselect ")"

Function = identifier "(" [Expression {"," Expression}] ")"